Reward, attention, and HIV-related risk in HIV plus individuals
Reward, attention, and HIV-related risk in HIV plus individuals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.018
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Marvel, Cherie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Kronemer, Sharif I.;Marvel, Cherie L.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）通常是通过参与危险的奖励动机行为，如共用针头和无保护的性行为而感染的。了解使个人更容易受到诱惑而从事这些危险行为的因素对限制艾滋病毒的传播很重要。这种脆弱性的一个潜在来源与个体能够抵制关注无关奖励信息的程度有关。在本研究中，我们通过描述具有不同冒险行为历史的HIV +个体样本中基于价值的注意偏差的个体差异来检验这种可能的联系。参与者学习了实验刺激和金钱奖励结果之间的联系。这些奖励相关刺激的注意偏差程度，反映在它们作为与任务无关的干扰物呈现时吸引注意力的能力上，然后在奖励学习后立即和六个月进行评估。价值驱动的注意力捕获与药物滥用史和非计划性冲动有关，导致艾滋病毒的收缩，通过自我报告测量。这些发现表明，忽视奖励相关信息的能力与先前与艾滋病毒相关的冒险行为之间存在联系。此外，hiv相关的神经认知障碍的某些方面与注意偏差有关，包括通常与hiv引起的基底神经节损伤相关的运动缺陷。(C) 2015爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often contracted through engaging in risky reward-motivated behaviors such as needle sharing and unprotected sex. Understanding the factors that make an individual more vulnerable to succumbing to the temptation to engage in these risky behaviors is important to limiting the spread of HIV. One potential source of this vulnerability concerns the degree to which an individual is able to resist paying attention to irrelevant reward information. In the present study, we examine this possible link by characterizing individual differences in value-based attentional bias in a sample of HIV + individuals with varying histories of risk-taking behavior. Participants learned associations between experimental stimuli and monetary reward outcome. The degree of attentional bias for these reward-associated stimuli, reflected in their ability to capture attention when presented as task-irrelevant distractors, was then assessed both immediately and six months following reward learning. Value-driven attentional capture was related to substance abuse history and non planning impulsiveness during the time leading up to contraction of HIV as measured via self-report. These findings suggest a link between the ability to ignore reward-associated information and prior HIV-related risk-taking behavior. Additionally, particular aspects of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders were related to attentional bias, including motor deficits commonly associated with HIV-induced damage to the basal ganglia. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.