Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals Naproxen, Carbamazepine, and Sulfamethoxazole to Australian Striped Marsh Frog Tadpoles (Limnodynastes peronii)
Individual and Mixture Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals Naproxen, Carbamazepine, and Sulfamethoxazole to Australian Striped Marsh Frog Tadpoles (Limnodynastes peronii)
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DOI：
10.1080/15287394.2013.865107
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发表时间：
2014-03-19
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lanctot, Chantal M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Melvin, Steven D.;Cameron, Mark C.;Lanctot, Chantal M.
非甾体类人类药物普遍存在于家庭废水中，并可能以低浓度进入环境。由于大多数药物在低浓度下具有生物活性，因此这些化合物可能会影响水生野生动物。特别令人关切的是药物混合物的出现，与单个化合物相比，这可能导致不良反应增加。交互作用的影响，以前表明两栖动物接触农药混合物，但没有这样的研究调查两栖动物的反应，医药混合物显然是可用的。结果表明，增加毒性（触觉反应的损失）的条纹沼泽蛙（Limnodynastes peronii）蝌蚪暴露于混合物的萘普生，卡马西平，磺胺甲恶唑，相比，暴露于个别化合物。在长期暴露于10或100 μ g/L的每种化合物和混合物后，观察到蝌蚪发育的显著时间x处理相互作用;然而，反应较弱，主要处理效果不显著。尽管在低暴露浓度的影响较小，结果表明，混合物的非甾体类药物通常发生在废水中，影响两栖动物的发展潜力。随着大量的药物存在，并在环境中发现，这项工作突出了需要进一步研究药物活性废水污染物的混合物。此外，由于药物发挥极其不同的生物学作用，建议未来的研究将受益于包括指示生理或代谢性能的终点，以及敏感的行为反应的评估。
Nonsteroidal human pharmaceuticals are prevalent in domestic wastewater and may find their way into the environment at low concentrations. Since most pharmaceuticals are designed to be biologically active at low concentrations, there is a risk that these compounds may affect aquatic wildlife. Of particular concern is the occurrence of pharmaceutical mixtures, which may lead to increased adverse effects compared to individual compounds. Interactive effects were previously demonstrated for amphibians exposed to pesticide mixtures, but no such studies investigating responses of amphibians to pharmaceutical mixtures are apparently available. Results demonstrated increased toxicity (loss of tactile response) of striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) tadpoles exposed to a mixture of naproxen, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole, compared to exposures to the individual compounds. Significant time x treatment interactions were observed for tadpole development following chronic exposures to 10 or 100 mu g/L of each compound and the mixture; however, responses were weak and main treatment effects were not significant. Despite minor effects at low exposure concentrations, results demonstrated a potential for mixtures of nonsteroidal pharmaceuticals commonly occurring in wastewater to influence amphibian development. With the vast numbers of pharmaceuticals that exist and are found in the environment, this work highlights a need for further research into mixtures of pharmaceutically active wastewater contaminants. Further, since pharmaceuticals exert extremely varied biological actions, it is suggested that future investigations would benefit from inclusion of endpoints that are indicative of physiological or metabolic performance, as well as assessment of sensitive behavioral responses.