Comparison of teen and adult driver crash scenarios in a nationally representative sample of serious crashes
Comparison of teen and adult driver crash scenarios in a nationally representative sample of serious crashes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2014.07.016
复制
发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Winston, Flaura K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDonald, Catherine C.;Curry, Allison E.;Winston, Flaura K.
机动车辆碰撞是生命头四十年中死亡和后天残疾的主要原因。虽然青少年司机有最高的撞车风险，但很少有研究探讨青少年和成年司机撞车的相似性和差异。我们的目标是：（1）识别和比较最常见的碰撞场景，综合有关碰撞前车辆运动、碰撞前即刻事件以及涉及严重碰撞的青少年和成年驾驶员的碰撞配置的信息，以及（2）对于最常见的场景，探索青少年和成年驾驶员的驾驶员关键错误分布是否不同。我们分析了国家机动车碰撞原因调查的数据，这是美国国家公路交通安全管理局在2005年至2007年进行的一项具有全国代表性的严重碰撞研究。我们的样本包括642名16至19岁和1167名35至54岁的撞车司机（加权n = 296，482和439，356），他们犯了一个严重的错误，导致了他们的撞车事故的关键预碰撞事件（即，使崩溃不可避免的事件）。我们估计了患病率（PR）和95%置信区间（CI），以比较碰撞场景和驾驶员关键错误的相对频率。青少年驾驶员前五位的碰撞情景为：（1）直行，其他车辆停止，追尾;（2）停在车道上，交叉口左转，进入其他车辆的车道;（3）过弯道，离开道路右侧边缘，右侧路边偏离;（4）直行，离开道路右侧边缘，右侧路边偏离;（5）在车道上停车，在交叉口左转，横穿其他车辆的路径。在成年驾驶员中，前五种碰撞场景占其碰撞的33.9%，包括与青少年驾驶员相同的场景，除了场景（3）以及直行、穿过十字路口和继续沿直线行驶。对于两种场景（上述（1）和（3）），青少年比成年人更容易犯关键决策错误（例如，对于条件来说，速度太快）。我们的研究结果表明，在那些谁使一个司机在严重的碰撞关键错误，有几个不同的情况下或关键的司机错误的青少年和成年司机。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and acquired disability during the first four decades of life. While teen drivers have the highest crash risk, few studies examine the similarities and differences in teen and adult driver crashes. We aimed to: (1) identify and compare the most frequent crash scenarios integrated information on a vehicle's movement prior to crash, immediate pre-crash event, and crash configuration for teen and adult drivers involved in serious crashes, and (2) for the most frequent scenarios, explore whether the distribution of driver critical errors differed for teens and adult drivers. We analyzed data from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, a nationally representative study of serious crashes conducted by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration from 2005 to 2007. Our sample included 642 16- to 19-year-old and 1167 35- to 54-year-old crash-involved drivers (weighted n = 296,482 and 439,356, respectively) who made a critical error that led to their crash's critical pre-crash event (i.e., event that made the crash inevitable). We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the relative frequency of crash scenarios and driver critical errors. The top five crash scenarios among teen drivers, accounting for 37.3% of their crashes, included: (1) going straight, other vehicle stopped, rear end; (2) stopped in traffic lane, turning left at intersection, turn into path of other vehicle; (3) negotiating curve, off right edge of road, right roadside departure; (4) going straight, off right edge of road, right roadside departure; and (5) stopped in lane, turning left at intersection, turn across path of other vehicle. The top five crash scenarios among adult drivers, accounting for 33.9% of their crashes, included the same scenarios as the teen drivers with the exception of scenario (3) and the addition of going straight, crossing over an intersection, and continuing on a straight path. For two scenarios ((1) and (3) above), teens were more likely than adults to make a critical decision error (e.g., traveling too fast for conditions). Our findings indicate that among those who make a driver critical error in a serious crash, there are few differences in the scenarios or critical driver errors for teen and adult drivers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.