Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in smoking cessation associated with employment and joblessness through young adulthood in the US.
Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in smoking cessation associated with employment and joblessness through young adulthood in the US.
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在美国，戒烟方面的种族、民族和性别差异与成年早期的就业和失业有关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.009
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bishai,David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weden,MargaretM;Astone,NanM;Bishai,David
青年期劳动力参与和失业的动态影响了获得社会和物质资源的机会，并形成了不同来源的心理社会压力。种族、民族和性别在这些动态方面的差异与年轻人步入中年时健康状况不佳（烟草使用）的行为决定因素的变化有关。使用离散时间风险模型，我们估计在过去一年的劳动力参与和戒烟的美国成年人（14-21岁，1979年）之间的关系，随后在人口代表性样本，直到1998年（即全国青年纵向调查）。我们通过控制通过工作获得的社会和经济资源以及选择个人进入某些劳动力和吸烟轨迹的早期生活因素，评估种族、民族和性别差异在就业和失业风险、脆弱性以及反应性方面的独特作用。有三个主要发现：（1）与男性相比，女性失业与持续每日吸烟的关系更密切;（2）与就业女性相比，女性在劳动力之外的社会和经济资源较少，这解释了她们戒烟率较低的原因;（3）与就业女性相比，失业女性戒烟率较低，只能部分地用这些资源来解释。这些研究结果说明，获得与工作有关的社会和经济资源的机会不同，是健康状况不佳的一个重要因素。背景因素，如社会规范和社会心理压力在工作和家庭中可能发挥独特的作用，在解释吸烟的性别差异在欧洲裔美国人的男性和女性。
The dynamics of labor force participation and joblessness during young adulthood influence access to social and material resources and shape exposure to different sources of psychosocial strain. Differences in these dynamics by race, ethnicity, and gender are related to changes in a behavioral determinant of poor health (tobacco use) for young adults aging into midlife. Using discrete-time hazards models, we estimate the relationship between labor force participation in the past year and smoking cessation for US adults (ages 14–21 years in 1979) followed in a population-representative sample until 1998 (i.e. the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth). We assess the unique role of racial, ethnic and gender differences in exposure, vulnerability, and reactivity to employment and joblessness by controlling for social and economic resources obtained through working and by controlling for early life factors that select individuals into certain labor force and smoking trajectories. There are three main findings: (1) joblessness is more strongly associated with persistent daily smoking among women than among men; (2) fewer social and economic resources for women out of the labor force compared to employed women explains their lower cessation rates; and (3) lower cessation among unemployed women compared to employed women can only partially be explained by these resources. These findings illustrate how differential access to work-related social and economic resources is an important mediator of poor health trajectories. Contextual factors such as social norms and psychosocial strains at work and at home may play a unique role among European American men and women in explaining gender differences in smoking.