From rural rebellions to urban riots: political competition and changing patterns of violent political revolt in Uganda
From rural rebellions to urban riots: political competition and changing patterns of violent political revolt in Uganda
复制标题
从农村叛乱到城市骚乱：乌干达的政治竞争和暴力政治叛乱模式的变化
DOI：
10.1080/14662043.2017.1248215
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Anders Sjögren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Golooba;Anders Sjögren
暴力政治叛乱在独立的乌干达很常见。在很长一段时间里，这种叛乱只表现为以农村为基础的反叛团体与政府作战。然而，自2000年代中期以来，这种情况似乎已经结束。相反，过去非常罕见的城市骚乱变得更加普遍。本文分析了在全国抵抗运动政府统治下，乌干达暴力政治叛乱的类型和地点的变化模式。它认为，早期农村叛乱的普遍性可以解释为一个强制性和军事化的国家，以及对农村地区基地进行暴力抵抗的软弱和种族派系化的政治力量的结合。然而，随着时间的推移，政府的反叛乱行动变得更加有效，叛乱的条件因外部支持的撤出而受到破坏。此外，2005年重新实行多党政治为政治表达开辟了新的途径。然而，政治制度的变化在许多方面是有名无实的，而不是真实的。虽然反叛的选择已变得不那么有吸引力和可行，但一系列社会、经济和政治不满仍然存在，这些不满只是部分通过政党政治来表达。他们还通过零星的城市暴力反抗来表达。
Violent political revolt has been common in independent Uganda. For a long time, such revolts were exclusively expressed as rural-based rebel groups fighting the government. Since the mid-2000s, however, this seems to have come to an end. Instead, urban riots, very rare in the past, have become much more common. This article analyses these changing patterns of types and location of violent political revolt in Uganda under the National Resistance Movement government. It argues that the earlier prevalence of rural rebellions can be explained by the combination of a coercive and militarised state, and weak and ethnically factionalised political forces who took their violent resistance to rural regional bases. Over time, however, government counter-insurgency became more effective and the conditions for insurgency were undermined by withdrawal of external support. Furthermore, the reintroduction of multi-party politics in 2005 opened up new avenues for political expression. The changes to the political system were, however, more nominal than real in many respects. While the rebel option had become less attractive and feasible, a series of social, economic and political grievances remained which were only partly channelled through party politics. They also found expression through sporadic urban violent revolt.