Beyond Big Science in America: The Binding of Inquiry
Beyond Big Science in America: The Binding of Inquiry
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超越美国的大科学：探究的约束力
DOI：
10.1177/030631288018001002
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. Remington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Remington
本文概述了自20世纪60年代中期以来美国科学的知识和社会结构。它认为，新的研究方向越来越多地由以前被认为是“外部”的调查过程本身的因素。这些因素包括学术科学、社会重组、政府“大型项目”和保密性的精神气质的变化，以及普赖斯的“工具主义”一词所涵盖的扩大的维度。综合起来，这些因素重新构建了科学研究的绩效指标。探究越来越多地与高度功利主义的知识观、机构目标和政治化的奖励制度以及技术基础设施联系在一起。文体的变化随之而来，涉及到科学是如何完成的，以及理论化和实验之间的关系。鉴于研究环境的改变，在这个历史关头，富有成效的科学探究似乎最好在企业和学术科学家合作的不同环境中培养。
This paper offers an overview of the intellectual and social structure of science in the United States since the mid- 1960s. It argues that new directions for research are increasingly established by factors previously considered `external' to the inquiry process itself. These factors include changes in the ethos of academic science, social reorganization, governmental `megaprojects' and secrecy, and the enlarged dimension encompassed by Price's term `instrumentalism'. Taken together, these factors have restructured the indices of performance for doing science. Inquiry has become increasingly bound to a highly utilitarian conception of knowledge, to institutional goals and politicized reward systems, and to the technological infrastructure. Stylistic changes ensue, relating to how science is done, and to the relationship between theorization and experimentation. Given the altered circumstances for research, productive scientific inquiry at this historical juncture seems to be best fostered in diverse environments where corporate and academic scientists cooperate.