THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE IN DRINKING FOLLOWING ALCOHOL PREVENTION MESSAGES
THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE IN DRINKING FOLLOWING ALCOHOL PREVENTION MESSAGES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00461.x
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
WU, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BENSLEY, LS;WU, R
两个实验测试了与中性信息相比，教条式的戒酒信息是否会通过唤起心理反应(重申受到威胁的自由的动机)而导致更多的后续饮酒。在研究1中，大学生收到了建议禁酒或控制饮酒的高威胁(教条)或低威胁(中性)信息。结果表明，与低威胁相比，高威胁信息被评为更负面的信息，并导致更多的饮酒意图。高威胁对信息评级的负面影响在习惯性酗酒者和支持禁欲的信息中最为明显。在研究2中，74名大学生以“记忆研究”为幌子，收到了一条建议戒酒的高威胁或低威胁的信息。然后，在“感知研究”的幌子下，所有受试者都参与了一项品尝评级任务，在这项任务中，他们的啤酒消费量被悄悄地测量了下来。结果表明，高威胁的影响对男性酗酒者的负面影响最大，他们喝的啤酒比低威胁的对照组要多得多。这些结果表明，戒酒努力的说服能力在很大程度上取决于材料的电抗激发性能，教条式的戒酒材料可能会对一些大学生产生适得其反的效果。
Two experiments tested whether a dogmatic alcohol prevention message may, by arousing psychological reactance (the motivation to reassert a threatened freedom) result in more subsequent alcohol consumption, compared to a neutral message. In Study 1, 535 college students received either a high‐threat (dogmatic) or low‐threat (neutral) message recommending either abstinence or controlled drinking. Results indicated that high‐threat messages were rated more negatively and resulted in more drinking intentions compared to low threat. The negative effect of high threat on message ratings was most pronounced for habitually heavy drinkers and an abstinence‐espousing message. In Study 2, under the guise of a “memory study,” 74 college students received either a high‐ or low‐threat message recommending abstinence from alcohol. Then, under the guise of a “perception study,” all subjects participated in a taste‐rating task in which their beer consumption was unobtrusively measured. Results indicated that the effect of high threat was most negative for male heavy drinkers, who drank significantly more beer compared to low‐threat controls. These results suggest that the persuasive ability of alcohol prevention efforts depend to a considerable extent on the reactance‐arousing properties of the materials and that dogmatic alcohol prevention materials may have counterproductive effects for some college students.