Prevalence and epidemiological traits of HIV infections in populations with high-risk behaviours as revealed by genetic analysis of HBV
Prevalence and epidemiological traits of HIV infections in populations with high-risk behaviours as revealed by genetic analysis of HBV
复制标题
乙型肝炎病毒基因分析揭示高危行为人群艾滋病病毒感染率及流行病学特征
DOI：
10.1017/s0950268812003123
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Komano J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kojima Y;Kawahata T;Mori H;Furubayashi K;Taniguchi Y;Iwasa A;Taniguchi K;Kimura H;Komano J
日本高危人群（HRPs）中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的患病率和流行病学特征仍不清楚。我们测定了2006-2011年在大阪省初级性传播感染（STI）诊所就诊的HRPs中HIV、HBV和梅毒螺旋体（TP）的流行率和病毒基因型。在7898份标本中，133份（1.7%）呈艾滋病毒阳性，显著高于日本红十字会（0.0019%）和日本公共卫生中心（0.27%）报告的数字。HIV-1亚型B占88.7%，其次是CRF01_AE（2.3%）和C(0.8%)，与全国趋势基本一致。hiv阳性组的HBV血清阳性率惊人地高（63.2%），显著高于hiv阴性组（25.6%）。相比之下，HIV与TP感染之间无统计学相关性。有趣的是，不同的HBV基因型Ae和G在hiv阳性人群中普遍存在（分别为60%和20%），尽管在全国监测中很少检测到这两种基因型。艾滋病毒和乙型肝炎病毒的传播似乎主要发生在生命早期的封闭社区内。值得注意的是，如果卫生专业人员没有鼓励个人接受艾滋病毒检测，大约四分之一的艾滋病毒阳性病例将不会得到检测。这是对日本原发性性传播感染中HRPs的艾滋病毒阳性和艾滋病毒/HBV合并感染的首次循证评估，以及卫生专业人员参与无症状携带者艾滋病毒感染诊断的效果。HBV基因分型为了解HIV流行特征提供了有价值的信息。
The prevalence and epidemiological traits of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in high-risk populations (HRPs) remained unclarified in Japan. We determined the prevalence of HIV, HBV and Treponema pallidum (TP) and the viral genotypes in HRPs who attended primary sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Osaka province during 2006–2011. Of 7898 specimens, 133 (1·7%) were HIV positive, which was significantly higher than the figures reported by Japanese Red Cross (0·0019%) and public health centres (0·27%) in Japan. The frequency of HIV-1 subtype B was 88·7%, followed by CRF01_AE (2·3%) and C (0·8%), which were almost identical to the national trend. HBV seroprevalence was surprisingly high in the HIV-positive group (63·2%), which was significantly higher than that in the HIV-negative group (25·6%). By contrast, there was no statistical correlation between HIV and TP infection. Interestingly, the distinct HBV genotypes Ae and G were prevalent in the HIV-positive population (60·0% and 20·0%, respectively), although both were rarely detected during nationwide surveillance. The transmission of HIV and HBV appeared to occur largely within a closed community early in life. Of note, about one-quarter of HIV-positive cases would have remained untested if health professionals had not motivated individuals to undergo HIV testing. This is the first evidence-based assessment of HIV positivity and HIV/HBV co-infection in HRPs at primary STIs in Japan and the effect of the involvement of health professionals in the diagnosis of HIV infections in asymptomatic carriers. The genotyping of HBV provided valuable information for understanding HIV epidemical traits.