Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: Neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system
Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: Neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.042
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Jerath, Vandna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jerath, Ravinder;Edry, John W.;Jerath, Vandna
呼吸控制呼吸被定义为呼吸运动的操纵，已被证明有助于生理反应，其特征在于存在减少的氧消耗、降低的心率和降低的血压，以及EEG记录中增加的θ波振幅，增加的副交感神经活动伴随着警觉和恢复活力的体验。呼吸调节如何与神经系统相互作用，影响新陈代谢和自主神经功能的机制仍有待明确。我们的假设是，自主缓慢深呼吸通过牵张诱导的抑制信号和超极化电流在神经和非神经组织中传播，从而在心脏、肺、边缘系统和皮质中激活神经元件，从而在功能上重置自主神经系统。在吸气期间，肺组织的拉伸通过缓慢适应性牵张受体（SAR）的作用产生抑制信号，并且通过成纤维细胞的作用产生超极化电流。已知抑制性脉冲和超极化电流两者使神经元件同步，从而导致神经系统的调节和指示副交感神经状态的降低的代谢活动。在本文中，我们提出调息的生理机制，通过细胞和系统水平的角度来看，涉及神经和非神经元素。这一理论描述描述了呼吸调息的一个共同的生理机制，并阐明了呼吸和心血管系统对调节自主神经系统的作用。沿着促进设计临床呼吸技术治疗自主神经系统和其他疾病，这个模型也将验证调息作为一个主题，需要更多的研究。(c)2006年由Elsevier Ltd.出版
Pranayamic breathing, defined as a manipulation of breath movement, has been shown to contribute to a physiologic response characterized by the presence of decreased oxygen consumption, decreased heart rate, and decreased blood pressure, as well as increased theta wave amplitude in EEG recordings, increased parasympathetic activity accompanied by the experience of alertness and reinvigoration. The mechanism of how pranayamic breathing interacts with the nervous system affecting metabolism and autonomic functions remains to be clearly understood. It is our hypothesis that voluntary slow deep breathing functionally resets the autonomic nervous system through stretch-induced inhibitory signals and hyperpolarization currents propagated through both neural and non-neural tissue which synchronizes neural elements in the heart, lungs, limbic system and cortex. During inspiration, stretching of lung tissue produces inhibitory signals by action of slowly adapting stretch receptors (SARs) and hyperpolarization current by action of fibroblasts. Both inhibitory impulses and hyperpolarization current are known to synchronize neural elements leading to the modulation of the nervous system and decreased metabolic activity indicative of the parasympathetic state. In this paper we propose pranayama's physiologic mechanism through a cellular and systems level perspective, involving both neural and non-neural elements. This theoretical description describes a common physiological mechanism underlying pranayama and elucidate the rote of the respiratory and cardiovascular system on modulating the autonomic nervous system. Along with facilitating the design of clinical breathing techniques for the treatment of autonomic nervous system and other disorders, this model will also validate pranayama as a topic requiring more research. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.