Recent Developments of Passive and Active Detectors used in the Monitoring of External Environmental Radiation
Recent Developments of Passive and Active Detectors used in the Monitoring of External Environmental Radiation
复制标题
外环境辐射监测中无源和有源探测器的最新进展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. C. Sáez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. C. Sáez
这项工作的目的是审查一些最新的改进有关的不同技术用于测量外部环境辐射。如今，这些程序是例行环境监测方案的重要组成部分。例如，核设施和辐射设施周围的辐射监测、预警网络的运作和自然辐射的测量。被动热释光剂量测量系统的进展主要与组织等效高灵敏度材料（如LiF：Mg，Cu，P）的实现有关。然而，需要考虑替换通常基于LiF：Mg，Ti的先前TL系统的影响。作为TLD的替代品，基于Al 2 O 3：C的光受激发光（OSL）探测器在环境监测中也变得越来越重要。关于传统的有源仪器，改进更多地集中在电子、通信和软件方面的进步，而不是探测器本身。因此，出现了一代防风雨、自主和可靠的仪器。便携式伽马能谱测量系统和电子袖珍剂量计的使用为连续剂量率测量提供了新的途径。
The aim of this work is to review some of the latest improvements concerning the different techniques employed for the measurement of external environmental radiation. Nowadays these procedures are an important part of the routine environmental monitoring programmes. Some examples are the radiological surveillance around nuclear and radiation facilities, the operation of early warning networks and the measurement of natural radiation. The progress in passive thermoluminescence dosimetry systems is mainly related to the implementation of tissue equivalent high sensitivity materials such as LiF:Mg,Cu,P. However, the impact of replacing a previous TL system normally based on LiF:Mg,Ti needs to be considered. As an alternative to TLDs, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) detectors based on Al 2 O 3 :C are also becoming important in environmental monitoring. Regarding classical active instruments, the improvements are more focused on the electronics, communications and software advances than on the detectors themselves. As a result, a generation of weatherproof, autonomous and reliable instruments has appeared. The use of portable gamma spectrometry systems and electronic pocket dosemeters provides new approaches to continuous dose rate measurements.