Quantitative analysis of the benefits and risks of consuming farmed and wild salmon
Quantitative analysis of the benefits and risks of consuming farmed and wild salmon
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/135.11.2639
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Schwager, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foran, JA;Good, DH;Schwager, SJ
养殖大西洋鲑鱼和野生太平洋鲑鱼中的污染物引发了有关鱼类消费的健康益处和风险的重要问题。进行了效益-风险分析，以定量比较接触鲑鱼中有机污染物的癌症和非癌症风险与食用鲑鱼的 (n-3) 脂肪酸相关的健康益处。通过食用养殖或野生鲑鱼，可以达到推荐的 (n-3) 脂肪酸摄入量，如二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)，同时保持可接受的非致癌风险水平。然而，仅通过养殖或野生鲑鱼无法达到建议的 EPA+DHA 摄入量，同时保持可接受的致癌风险水平。尽管野生太平洋鲑鱼的致癌物和非致癌物的效益风险比明显高于养殖大西洋鲑鱼，但养殖鲑鱼的某些亚类的比率与野生鲑鱼的比率相当。该分析表明，接触养殖和野生鲑鱼污染物的风险部分被脂肪酸相关的健康益处所抵消。然而，幼儿、育龄妇女、孕妇和哺乳期妇女，虽然没有与冠心病相关的心源性猝死的重大风险，但担心智商下降和其他认知和行为影响等健康损害，可以通过选择受污染最少的野生鲑鱼或选择其他 (n-3) 脂肪酸来源，最大限度地减少污染物暴露。
Contaminants in farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon raise important questions about the competing health benefits and risks of fish consumption. A benefit-risk analysis was conducted to compare quantitatively the cancer and noncancer risks of exposure to organic contaminants in salmon with the (n-3) fatty acid-associated health benefits of salmon consumption. Recommended levels of (n-3) fatty acid intake, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be achieved by consuming farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic risk. However, the recommended level of EPA+DHA intake cannot be achieved solely from farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of carcinogenic risk. Although the benefit-risk ratio for carcinogens and noncarcinogens is significantly greater for wild Pacific salmon than for farmed Atlantic salmon as a group, the ratio for some subgroups of farmed salmon is on par with the ratio for wild salmon. This analysis suggests that risk of exposure to contaminants in farmed and wild salmon is partially offset by the fatty acid-associated health benefits. However, young children, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, and nursing mothers not at significant risk for sudden cardiac death associated with CHD but concerned with health impairments such as reduction in IQ and other cognitive and behavioral effects, can minimize contaminant exposure by choosing the least contaminated wild salmon or by selecting other sources of (n-3) fatty acids.