Selectivity to limbs in ventral temporal cortex decreases during childhood as selectivity to faces and words increases
Selectivity to limbs in ventral temporal cortex decreases during childhood as selectivity to faces and words increases
复制标题
童年时期腹侧颞叶皮层对四肢的选择性随着对面部和言语的选择性的增加而降低
DOI：
10.1167/jov.20.11.152
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Grill-Spector
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grill-Spector
腹侧颞叶皮层（VTC）包含与感知有关的类别选择区域。VTC的儿童发展与对行为相关类别（如面孔和文字）的选择性增加有关。然而，目前尚不清楚选择性的增加是否出现在最初弱专门化的体素中，或者是否体素的选择性正在被重新利用。为了研究儿童对不同类别的选择性是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，我们使用纵向fMRI测量了29名儿童（5-17岁）在2-5岁期间对视觉类别的外侧腹侧颞叶反应，包括总共128个功能会话。在fMRI期间，参与者在执行一项奇怪的任务时观看面部（儿童/成人）、身体部位（四肢/身体）、字符（单词/数字）、物体（汽车/吉他）和地点（房屋/走廊）的图像。纵向测量显示，面部选择性激活的大小显著增加，右侧梭状回（FG）比左侧梭状回（FG）大，左侧枕颞沟（OTS）的单词选择性激活的大小也显著增加（图1）。令人惊讶的是，在相同的参与者中，我们发现双侧FG和OTS的肢体选择性激活大小显着减少（图1）。然而，对身体、物体、数字和走廊的选择性在整个童年时期并没有改变。值得注意的是，在发展中地区，对面孔和词语的选择性增加与对肢体的选择性降低相结合。这些结果提供了证据，证明儿童发育不仅与对面孔和词汇等社会相关类别的选择性增加有关，而且还可能涉及选择性的再循环：儿童早期对肢体有选择性的区域被重新用于代表面孔和词汇。
Ventral temporal cortex (VTC) contains category-selective regions that are involved in perception. Childhood development of VTC is associated with increases in selectivity to behaviorally relevant categories such as faces and words. However, it is unknown whether the increase in selectivity emerges in voxels that are initially weakly specialized or if the selectivity of voxels is being repurposed. To investigate how changes in selectivity to different categories unfold in children over time, we investigated lateral ventral temporal responses to visual categories using longitudinal fMRI measurements spanning 2-5 years in 29 children (ages 5-17) comprising a total of 128 functional sessions. During fMRI participants viewed images of faces (child/adult), body parts (limbs/bodies), characters (words/numbers), objects (cars/guitars), and places (houses/corridors) while performing an oddball task. Longitudinal measurements show a significant increase in the size of face-selective activation, which is larger in the right than left fusiform gyrus (FG), and in the size of word-selective activations in the left occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS, Fig 1). Surprisingly, in the same participants, we find a significant decrease in the size of limb-selective activations in the FG and OTS, bilaterally (Fig 1). However, selectivity to bodies, objects, numbers, and corridors in VTC did not change across childhood. Notably, increasing selectivity to faces and words was coupled with decreasing selectivity to limbs in the developing regions. These results provide evidence that childhood development is not only associated with increased selectivity to socially relevant categories such as faces and words, but also may involve recycling of selectivity: regions that are selective to limbs earlier in childhood become repurposed to represent faces and words.