Microbial oceanography: Viral strategies at sea
Microbial oceanography: Viral strategies at sea
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微生物海洋学：海上病毒策略
DOI：
10.1038/nature17303
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
G. Bratbak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Thingstad;G. Bratbak
与宿主丰度较低时相比，宿主微生物水平较高的海洋环境中每个宿主的病毒数量较少，这一发现挑战了关于溶原性和溶解性病毒生存策略相对作用的理论。见第466条裂解噬菌体可以以密度依赖的方式控制其微生物宿主的丰度，并具有“杀死赢家”的捕食动力学。人们普遍认为，在营养丰富、有利于高宿主密度的条件下，溶解体噬菌体将占主导地位，而在宿主数量较少的情况下，溶解体噬菌体往往会融入宿主而不是溶解它们。这项对24个珊瑚礁病毒群的荟萃分析挑战了这一观点。Ben Knowles等人发现，在高宿主密度而不是低宿主密度下，溶原性比裂解更重要。作者将这种模式称为“胜利者的背上”模型，并表明它与其他一系列生态系统（包括动物相关的、沉积物和土壤系统）中的捕食者-猎物动态是一致的。
The finding that marine environments with high levels of host microbes have fewer viruses per host than when host abundance is low challenges a theory on the relative roles of lysogenic and lytic viral-survival strategies. See Article p.466 Lytic phage can control the abundance of their microbial hosts in a density-dependent manner with 'kill-the-winner' predation dynamics. It was widely assumed that lytic phages would dominate in nutrient-rich conditions favouring high host density, and that lysogenic phage, which integrate into their hosts instead of lysing them, tend to dominate when host numbers are low. This meta-analysis of 24 coral reef viromes challenges that view. Ben Knowles et al. find that lysogeny is more important than lysis at high, rather than low host densities. The authors term this the 'Piggyback-the-Winner' model, and show that it is consistent with predator–prey dynamics in a range of other ecosystems, including animal-associated, sediment, and soil systems.