Biofilm in implant infections: Its production and regulation
Biofilm in implant infections: Its production and regulation
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DOI：
10.1177/039139880502801103
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Arciola, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costerton, JW;Montanaro, L;Arciola, CR
很大一部分医疗植入物成为器械相关感染的焦点，难以根除，因为导致这些感染的细菌生活在发育良好的生物膜中。生物膜是一种微生物来源的固着群落，其特征是细胞不可逆地附着在基质或界面上，嵌入它们产生的胞外聚合物基质中。细菌粘附和生物膜的产生分为两个步骤：第一，附着在表面上，第二，细胞与细胞的粘附，细菌在人工表面上的多层化。第一步需要细菌表面蛋白的介导，其基数类似于S。金黄色葡萄球菌自溶素，命名为AtIE。在葡萄球菌中，生物膜的细胞外聚合物基质是β-1，6-连接的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（PIA）的聚合物，其合成由ica操纵子介导。生物膜的形成部分受群体感应控制，群体感应是一种依赖于种群密度的细菌间通讯机制。生物膜可能损害的主要植入物，相关感染有：中心静脉导管、心脏瓣膜、心室辅助装置、冠状动脉支架、神经外科心室分流器、植入式神经刺激器、关节假体、尿道固定装置、可膨胀阴茎植入物、乳房植入物，人工耳蜗人工晶状体牙科植入物生物膜在抗生素耐药性的传播中起着重要作用。在高密度的细菌群体中，发生抗性和毒力基因的有效水平转移。在未来，抑制生物膜控制基因转录的治疗可能是抑制这些感染的成功策略。(Int J Artiff Organs 2005; 28：1062 - 8）
A significant proportion of medical implants become the focus of a device-related infection, difficult to eradicate because bacteria that cause these infections live in well-developed biofilms. Biofilm, is a microbial derived sessile community characterized by cells that are irreversibly attached to a substratum or interface to each other, embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that they have produced.Bacterial adherence and biofilm production proceed in two steps: first, an attachment to a surface and, second, a cell-to-cell adhesion, with pluristratification of bacteria onto the artificial surface. The first step requires the mediation of bacterial surface proteins, the cardinal of which is similar to S. aureus autolysin and is denominated AtIE. In staphylococci the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of biofilm, is a polymer of beta-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine (PIA), whose synthesis is mediated by the ica operon. Biofilm formation is partially controlled by quorum sensing, an interbacterial communication mechanism dependent on population density.The principal implants that can be compromised by biofilm, associated infections are: central venous catheters, heart valves, ventricular assist devices, coronary stents, neurosurgical ventricular shunts, implantable neurological stimulators, arthro-prostheses, fracture-fixation devices, inflatable penile implants, breast implants, cochlear implants, intra-ocular lenses, dental implants. Biofilms play an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Within the high dense bacterial population, efficient horizontal transfer of resistance and virulence genes takes place. In the future, treatments that inhibit the transcription of biofilm controlling genes might be a successful strategy in inhibiting these infections. (Int J Artif Organs 2005; 28: 1062-8)