Comprehensive assessment of organic contaminant removal from on-site sewage treatment facility effluent by char-fortified filter beds
Comprehensive assessment of organic contaminant removal from on-site sewage treatment facility effluent by char-fortified filter beds
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.009
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发表时间：
2019-01-05
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Haglund, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blum, Kristin M.;Gallampois, Christine;Haglund, Peter
为了利用经济高效和现有的方法去除废水中的有机污染物，我们的研究在长期的现场环境中对现场污水处理设施(OSSF)的炭化强化滤床进行了研究。在世界各地的农村和半城市地区，当城市污水处理在经济上不可行时，OSSF通常用于处理废水。首先，我们利用基于气相色谱和液-质联用的靶向和非靶向分析来筛选有机污染物，然后我们建立了定量结构-性质关系模型来寻找负责去除有机污染物的关键分子特征。我们鉴定了74种化合物(其中24种由参考标准确认)，包括增塑剂、紫外线稳定剂、香料、杀虫剂、表面活性物质和聚合物杂质、药物及其代谢物以及许多生物来源的化合物。在OSSFS中，作为化粪池之后的第二步使用的砂滤池可以去除疏水污染物。生物炭的加入显著增加了这些和少数亲水性化合物的去除(Wilcoxon符号等级检验，α=0.05)。在长期现场应用中，除疏水性驱动的吸附外，生物降解被认为是最重要的去除途径。然而，有必要进一步改进以去除非常亲水性的污染物，因为它们不是用沙子和生物炭加固的沙子去除的。
To remove organic contaminants from wastewater using cost-efficient and currently existing methods, our study investigated char-fortified filter beds for on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs) in a long-term field setting. OSSFs are commonly used in rural and semi-urban areas worldwide to treat wastewater when municipal wastewater treatment is not economically feasible. First, we screened for organic contaminants with gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based targeted and untargeted analysis and then we developed quantitative structure-property relationship models to search for key molecular features responsible for the removal of organic contaminants. We identified 74 compounds (24 confirmed by reference standards) including plasticizers, UV stabilizers, fragrances, pesticides, surfactant and polymer impurities, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, and many biogenic compounds. Sand filters that are used as a secondary step after the septic tank in OSSFs could remove hydrophobic contaminants. The addition of biochar significantly increased the removal of these and a few hydrophilic compounds (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, alpha = 0.05). Besides hydrophobicity-driven sorption, biodegradation was suggested to be the most important removal pathway in this long-term field application. However, further improvements are necessary to remove very hydrophilic contaminants as they were not removed with sand and biochar-fortified sand.