Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska - 2. Elemental composition and sources
Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska - 2. Elemental composition and sources
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DOI：
10.1029/98jd01212
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发表时间：
1998-08-20
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Paatero, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Polissar, AV;Hopke, PK;Paatero, P
细颗粒物（< 2.5 μ m）的组成数据从7个国家公园服务的位置在阿拉斯加的1986年至1995年期间进行了使用一种新型的因子分析，正矩阵因子分解（PMF）。该方法使用数据中误差的估计来提供最佳数据点缩放，并允许更好地处理缺失和低于检测限的值。八个源组件从阿拉斯加西北地区和白令陆桥网站的数据集。五至七个组成部分，获得了其他阿拉斯加网站。利用气溶胶细颗粒物质量浓度数据对溶液进行归一化处理。从站点气溶胶组成数据获得的重建质量与测量质量之间的平方相关系数在0.74-0.95的范围内。确定为土壤的两个因素，获得了所有的网站。大多数站点的这些因子的浓度在夏季最大，在冬季最小。在五个地点发现了海盐成分。一个因素与最高浓度的黑碳（BC），H+，和K确定为森林火灾烟雾获得的所有数据集，除了在卡特迈。在所有地点都获得了高浓度S、BC-Na-S和Zn-Cu的因子。在三个站点，解决方案还包含一个因素与高铅和溴值。在大多数站点的高S，铅，和BC-Na-S值的因素表现出一个年度周期的最大值在冬春季节和最小值在夏季。这些因素的季节变化和元素组成表明人为来源的空间格局表明，源是远离受体网站。这些因素的季节性最大值/最小值的比例较高，更偏北的位置。四个主要来源有助于在这些地点观测到的浓度：远距离传输的人为气溶胶（北极烟雾气溶胶），海盐气溶胶，当地土壤灰尘，和气溶胶与高BC浓度从区域森林火灾或当地木材烟雾。从西北到东南的负梯度表明从阿拉斯加北部或西北部地区的空气质量的长距离运输占主导地位的高S因子浓度的空间分布。
The fine particle (< 2.5 mu m) composition data from seven National Park Service locations in Alaska for the period from 1986 to 1995 was performed using a new type of factor analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF). This method uses the estimates of the error in the data to provide optimum data point scaling and permits a better treatment of missing and below detection limit values. Eight source components were obtained for data sets from the Northwest Alaska Areas and the Bering Land Bridge sites. Five to seven components were obtained for the other Alaskan sites. The solutions were normalized by using aerosol fine mass concentration data. Squared correlation coefficients between the reconstructed mass obtained from aerosol composition data for the sites and the measured mass were in the range of 0.74-0.95. Two factors identified as soils were obtained for all of the sites. Concentrations for these factors for most of the sites have maxima in the summer and minima in the winter. A sea-salt component was found at five locations. A factor with the highest concentrations of black carbon (BC), H+, and K identified as forest fire smoke was obtained for all data sets except at Katmai. Factors with high concentrations of S, BC-Na-S, and Zn-Cu were obtained at all sites. At three sites, the solutions also contained a factor with high Pb and Br values. The factors with the high S, Pb, and BC-Na-S values at most sites show an annual cycle with maxima during the winter-spring season and minima in the summer. The seasonal variations and elemental compositions of these factors suggest anthropogenic origins with the spatial pattern suggesting that the sources are distant from the receptor sites. The seasonal maxima/minima ratios of these factors were higher for more northerly locations. Four main sources contribute to the observed concentrations at these locations: long-range transported anthropogenic aerosol (Arctic haze aerosol), sea-salt aerosol, local soil dust, and aerosol with high BC concentrations from regional forest fires or local wood smoke. A northwest to southeast negative gradient suggesting long-range transport of air masses from regions north or northwest of Alaska dominated the spatial distribution of the high S factor concentrations.