The origins of meso economics
The origins of meso economics
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DOI：
10.1007/s00191-011-0218-4
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发表时间：
2006-09
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
K. Dopfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Dopfer
本文从熊彼特的命题开始，即企业家进行创新（微观层面），大批追随者模仿他们（中观层面），因此，“创造性破坏”导致经济“从内部”发展（宏观层面）。本文认为熊彼特的方法可以发展成一个新的、更通用的微观-中观-宏观经济学框架。舞台中央是meso。它的基本特征是双峰性，这意味着一个想法（一般规则）可以被许多主体（群体）物理地实现。想法可以与其他想法联系起来，以这种方式，中观构成了一个“深层”不可见的宏观结构的基本组成部分。同样，规则实现过程随着时间的推移而展开，本文将其建模为包含规则产生、选择性采用和保留三个阶段的中观轨迹——这里中观代表了可见“表面”结构的过程组成部分。对中观成分的适当性的宏观度量是一般对应。在思想的层面上，它的尺度是秩序；在实际相对采用频率上，是一般均衡。经济发展发生在深层，从一种一般规则到另一种一般规则的过渡，导致秩序的变化；在表层，随着新规则的采用，打破旧的平衡，建立新的平衡。
The paper starts from Schumpeter’s proposition that entrepreneurs carry out innovations (the micro level), that swarms of followers imitate them (meso) and that, as a consequence, ‘creative destruction’ leads to economic development ‘from within’ (macro). It is argued that Schumpeter’s approach can be developed into a new—more general—micro-meso-macroframework in economics. Center stage ismeso. Its essential characteristic is bimodality, meaning that one idea (the generic rule) can be physically actualized by many agents (a population). Ideas can relate to others, and, in this way, meso constitutes astructure componentof a ‘deep’ invisible macro structure. Equally, the rule actualization process unfolds over time—modelled in the paper as a meso trajectory with three phases of rule origination, selective adoption and retention—and here meso represents aprocess componentof a visible ‘surface’ structure. The macro measure with a view to the appropriateness of meso components is generic correspondence. At the level of ideas, its measure is order; at that of actual relative adoption frequencies, it is generic equilibrium. Economic development occurs at the deep level as transition from one generic rule to another, inducing a change of order, and, at the surface level, as the new rule is adopted, destroying an old equilibrium and establishing a new one.