Hatching Asynchrony in Altricial Birds: Nest Failure and Adult Survival
Hatching Asynchrony in Altricial Birds: Nest Failure and Adult Survival
复制标题
晚成鸟的孵化异步：巢穴失败和成虫生存
作者：
R. Magrath
晚期鸟类非同步（或同步）孵化的适应意义一直是许多推测和一些调查的主题。Lack（1947）提出，当食物短缺时，异步孵化通过在巢中的兄弟姐妹之间建立竞争等级来促进选择性的育雏减少。当父母在产卵时无法预测有多少食物可用于饲养育雏时，控制育雏减少可能是适应性的。最近，从Clark和Wilson（1981）开始，一些模型试图量化总巢失败对最佳孵化率的影响。我简要地回顾这些巢失败的模型和修改一个显示，捕食成年人在巢，和成年人之间的筑巢尝试的生存，也可能影响最佳孵化的孵化率。
The adaptive significance of asynchronous (or synchronous) hatching in altricial birds has been the subject of much speculation and some investigation. Lack (1947) proposed that asynchronous hatching facilitates selective brood reduction when food is short by creating a competitive hierarchy among siblings in the nest. Controlled brood reduction may be adaptive when the parents cannot predict at the time of egg laying how much food will be available for rearing the brood. Recently, a number of models, starting with those of Clark and Wilson (1981), have tried to quantify the effect of total nest failure on optimal hatching asynchrony. I briefly review these nest-failure models and modify one to show that predation on adults at the nest, and adult survival between nesting attempts, may also influence optimal hatching asynchrony.