The actor as context for social judgments: effects of prior impressions and stereotypes.
The actor as context for social judgments: effects of prior impressions and stereotypes.
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演员作为社会判断的背景：先前印象和刻板印象的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.75.5.1132
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Smith,ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stewart,TL;Doan,KA;Gingrich,BE;Smith,ER
三个实验确定了对一种行为做出的特质判断更有可能影响后来对该行为的判断的条件。在实验1中，参与者对展示有演员照片的众多行为进行特质判断。有些行为是重复的，与相同或不同的演员配对。所有重复行为的判断速度都快于新行为。当重复的行为与同一个参与者配对时，促进作用最大，这表明在这种情况下，先前判断的影响更大。实验2和实验3重复了这一效应，反应时间(RTS)的模式表明，当对演员的先前印象形成时(实验2)，当行为是演员所在群体的刻板印象时(实验3)，演员与行为之间有更强的联系。在实验3中，偏见水平缓和了RT模式。本文讨论了语境效应、特质推断的性质和刻板印象改变的含义。
Three experiments identified conditions under which trait judgments made about a behavior were more likely to influence later judgments of the behavior. In Experiment 1, participants made trait judgments about numerous behaviors presented with photos of actors. Some behaviors were repeated, paired with the same or a different actor. All repeated behaviors were judged faster than new behaviors. Facilitation was greatest when repeated behaviors were paired with the same actor, suggesting greater influence of prior judgments in this condition. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated this effect, and the pattern of response times (RTs) suggested a stronger association between the actor and behavior when a prior impression of the actor had been formed (Experiment 2) and when the behavior was stereotypic of the actor's group (Experiment 3). Level of prejudice moderated RT patterns in Experiment 3. Implications for context effects, the nature of trait inferences, and stereotype change are discussed.