A surface energy exchange model of glacier melt and net mass balance
A surface energy exchange model of glacier melt and net mass balance
复制标题
冰川融化与净质量平衡的表面能量交换模型
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. S. Munro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. S. Munro
建立了冰川区地表气候与融水能量平衡模型，并应用该模型对Peyto冰川的消融和净质量平衡进行了模拟。地表特征是根据物理气候学的一般知识和冰川本身的实验数据来分配的。在消融季节开始时，已知的海拔分布的积雪覆盖了冰川，然后根据模拟的地表能量输入而融化，从而暴露出不断增加的冰面积。最终结果是年净质量平衡，它对年平均温度、太阳能输入、大气发射率、地表反照率和气候状况非常敏感。海洋性气候产生的净物质平衡的海拔梯度比大陆性气候更陡峭，而大陆性气候又比北极条件下产生的海拔梯度更陡峭。研究还发现，除了内部排水发展造成的滞后外，由于地表条件的变化，冰川融水峰值的产生必然会延迟，因为随着雪线海拔的上升，冰川演变成一个更有效的太阳能收集器。
An energy balance model of surface climate and melt for a glacierized area is described, and applied to simulate ablation and net mass balance on Peyto Glacier. Surface characteristics are assigned according to general knowledge from physical climatology and experimental data from the glacier itself. A known elevational distribution of snow covers the glacier at the beginning of the ablation season, then melts in response to simulated energy input to the surface, thus exposing an ever increasing area of ice. The end result is the annual net mass balance, which is shown to be very sensitive to annual mean temperature, solar energy input, atmospheric emissivity, surface albedo, and climatic regime. Maritime climates produce steeper elevational gradients of net mass balance than do continental climates, which, in turn, are steeper than those created under Arctic conditions. It is also found that, in addition to lag caused by internal drainage development, there must be delay in peak meltwater production owing to changing surface conditions because, as snowline elevation rises, the glacier evolves into a more effective collector of solar energy.