The Future of Crime Data: The Case for the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) as a Primary Data Source for Policy Evaluation and Crime Analysis
The Future of Crime Data: The Case for the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) as a Primary Data Source for Policy Evaluation and Crime Analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/1745-9133.12336
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Smith, Erica L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strom, Kevin J.;Smith, Erica L.
在这篇文章中，我们描述了国家向一个完全基于事件的犯罪报告系统的转变。这种变化对犯罪报告渠道和研究人员管理和分析这些更复杂的数据提出了挑战。我们强调了主导系统，统一犯罪报告计划的摘要报告系统（SRS）的缺点，并认为国家基于事件的报告系统（NIBRS）的优势使其有资格取代SRS，成为国家跟踪和衡量犯罪的主要来源之一。NIBRS还根据国家犯罪受害调查（NCVS）进行了讨论，NCVS是一个补充系统的来源，该系统依赖于执法产生的犯罪数据。政策影响在全国范围内推行NIBRS的时机已经成熟。从犯罪总数到每个犯罪事件的细节的转变对司法政策有着广泛的影响。使用警方已知的基于事件的全国犯罪收集提供了(a)一套目前缺乏的美国犯罪描述性指标，(b)进步和变化的基准，以及(c)跨地点和时间更有目的的比较。这一转变还有助于警务行业进一步专业化，并提供有关犯罪和警方如何应对犯罪的透明度。对犯罪问题有了更深入的了解，我们的计划、政策和资源分配就会更加审慎和及时。
Research SummaryIn this article, we describe the nation's move to a crime-reporting system that is exclusively incident based. Such a change presents challenges for the crime-reporting pipeline and for researchers in managing and analyzing these more intricate data. We highlight the shortcomings of the dominant system, the Uniform Crime Reporting Program's Summary Reporting System (SRS), and argue that the advantages of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) qualify it to replace the SRS as one of the nation's primary sources for tracking and measuring crime. NIBRS is also discussed in light of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), a source that complements a system that relies on law-enforcement-generated crime data.Policy ImplicationsThe timing is right for a nationwide move toward NIBRS. The shift from aggregate crime counts to details on each crime incident has broad implications for justice policy. Use of a national incident-based collection of crimes known to the police provides (a) a set of descriptive indicators of crime in the United States that are currently lacking, (b) benchmarking for progress and change, and (c)more purposeful comparisons across place and time. The shift also serves to professionalize the policing industry further and provides transparency on crime and how police respond to it. The greater understanding of the crime problem will allow our programs, policies, and resource allocations to be more deliberate and responsive.