The State and the Bloody Diamond Rush in Chiadzwa: Unpacking the Contesting Interests in the Development of Illicit Mining and Trading, c.2006–2009
The State and the Bloody Diamond Rush in Chiadzwa: Unpacking the Contesting Interests in the Development of Illicit Mining and Trading, c.2006–2009
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国家和恰兹瓦的血腥钻石热：揭开非法采矿和贸易发展中的利益冲突，c.2006-2009
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Patience Mukwambo
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作者：
Tinashe Nyamunda;Patience Mukwambo
本文考察了津巴布韦马兰吉的一个社区Chiadzwa的钻石开采和贸易的发展。报告还审查了国家的性质及其在钻石开采早期动态中的作用。Chiadzwa的采矿发展对马兰吉地貌具有深远的政治、经济、文化和道德以及流行病学、人口和环境影响。本文揭示了马兰吉非法钻石活动的活动，揭示了所涉及的不同利益，它们与国家的互动及其对钻石产区景观的影响。从2006年3月起，恰兹瓦-距离东部城镇穆罕默迪约80公里-在“发现”钻石后，从字面上和比喻上成为一个钻石产地。众多利益集团聚集在该地区，寻求开采钻石，有系统地取代马兰吉原居民的利益和霸权，这些原居民大多是使徒。这一发现也对这些群体引发了国家暴力，他们在努力继续从资源中受益的过程中制定了应对策略，直到2009年1月警察和军队采取决定性的行动“Dzokera Kumusha”（回家），暴力驱逐了Chiadzwa的大多数手工采矿者。这一行动是国家试图规范钻石开采和交易过程，以便允许它所青睐的注册采矿公司进驻并开始开采业务。
This article examines the development of diamond mining and trading in Chiadzwa, a communal area in Marange, Zimbabwe. It also examines the nature of the state and its role in the early dynamics of diamond exploitation. Mining development in Chiadzwa had far-reaching political, economic, cultural and moral, as well as epidemiological, demographic and environmental, implications for the Marange landscape. This article unravels the activities surrounding illicit diamond activities in Marange, revealing the different interests involved, their interaction with the state and their impact on the landscape of the diamondiferous area. From March 2006, Chiadzwa – located some 80 kilometres from the eastern town of Mutare – literally and metaphorically became a terrain of contestation following the ‘discovery’ of diamonds. Numerous interests converged on the area seeking to exploit the diamonds, systematically displacing the interests and hegemony of the original, mostly apostolic, inhabitants of Marange. The discovery also unleashed state violence on these groups, who evolved coping strategies in their efforts to continue benefiting from the resource, until a decisive police and army operation, ‘Dzokera Kumusha’ (Go Back Home), violently expelled the majority of artisanal miners from Chiadzwa in January 2009. This operation was an attempt by the state to regulate the diamond mining and trading process, in order to allow the registered mining companies it favoured to move in and start mining operations.