Sea urchin metalloproteases: A genomic survey of the BMP-1/tolloid-like, MMP and ADAM families
Sea urchin metalloproteases: A genomic survey of the BMP-1/tolloid-like, MMP and ADAM families
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.046
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Livingston, Brian T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angerer, Lynne;Hussain, Sofia;Livingston, Brian T.
对紫球海胆基因组的分析揭示了大约240个金属蛋白酶基因，它们代表了脊椎动物中表达的所有23个家族。EST/cDNA测序和基因芯片分析表明，近70%的基因存在于胚胎RNA中。其中有许多在其他系统中具有发育作用的金属蛋白酶s-BMP-1/tolloid（astacins）、MMP（基质金属蛋白酶）和亚当斯（去整合素/金属蛋白酶）。这类金属蛋白酶的发育功能包括修饰细胞外基质、调节信号通路或调节细胞粘附特性。BMP-1/TLD样蛋白酶基因的数量之多出乎意料（23），主要是由于一组编码结构和一级序列仅在线虫虾红素中保守的不寻常结构域的扩增。这些蛋白酶可能具有令人感兴趣的发育功能，因为当细胞分化和形态发生开始时，几种蛋白酶的表达模式沿主轴沿着高度调节。海胆MMP家族的大小及其许多成员的聚类排列与脊椎动物相似，但系统发育分析表明，不同的祖先基因在海胆和脊椎动物中独立扩增。一种扩增似乎是编码具有推定的跨膜结构域并且可能是膜系留（MT）的MMPs的基因。有趣的是，编码TIMP（基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂）的基因也被扩增，并且这10个基因串联排列在一个簇中。相比之下，海胆中的ADAM和ADAMTS基因较少，但它们代表了除一个之外的所有脊索动物特异性群体。基因组序列现在为旨在了解细胞外环境调节如何影响发育的实验操作打开了大门。(c)2006年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Analysis of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome has revealed approximately 240 metalloprotease genes, and they represent all 23 families expressed in vertebrates. EST/cDNA sequencing and microarray analysis show that nearly 70% are represented in embryo RNA. Among them are many metalloproteases with demonstrated developmental roles in other system s-BMP-1/TLD (tolloid) (astacins), MMPs (matrix metalloproteases) and the ADAMs (disintegrin/metalloproteases). The developmental functions of these kinds of metalloproteases include modifying the extracellular matrix, regulating signaling pathways or modulating cellular adhesive properties. The unexpectedly large number of BMP-1/TLD-like protease genes (23) results primarily from expansion of a set encoding an unusual domain conserved in structure and primary sequence only in nematode astacins. Such proteases may have interesting developmental functions because the expression patterns of several are highly regulated along the primary axis at times when cell differentiation and morphogenesis begin. The size of the sea urchin MMP family and the clustered arrangement of many of its members are similar to vertebrates, but phylogenetic analyses suggest that different ancestral genes were independently amplified in sea urchins and vertebrates. One expansion appears to be genes encoding MMPs that have putative transmembrane domains and may be membrane-tethered (MT). Interestingly, the genes encoding TIMPs, inhibitors of MMPs, have also been amplified and the 10 genes are tandemly arranged in a single cluster. In contrast, there are fewer ADAM and ADAMTS genes in sea urchins, but they represent all but one of the chordate-specific groups. The genome sequence now opens the door to experimental manipulations designed to understand how modulation of the extracellular environment affects development. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.