The age estimation practice related to illegal unaccompanied minors immigration in Italy.
The age estimation practice related to illegal unaccompanied minors immigration in Italy.
复制标题
年龄估算做法与意大利非法无人陪伴未成年人移民有关。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Norelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Pradella;V. Pinchi;M. Focardi;R. Grifoni;M. Palandri;G. Norelli
2016年抵达意大利海岸的移民人数为181，436人，比前一年增加了18%，比有史以来的最高数字增加了6%。“无人陪伴未成年人”是指未满18岁的第三国国民或无国籍人，在无成年人陪伴的情况下抵达成员国领土，无论是根据有关成员国的法律还是惯例，该成年人对他/她负有责任，并且在他/她未得到该成年人的有效照顾期间;它包括进入成员国领土后无人陪伴的未成年人。仅在2015年，就有多达95，985名无人陪伴未成年人在欧盟成员国申请国际保护，几乎是前一年登记数量的四倍。2016年抵达意大利的UAM为28，283人;其中94%为男性，92%无人陪伴，8%为15岁以下; 53，6%为17岁; 16至17岁的人占82%。他们中的许多人（50%），2016年有6561人，逃离了庇护所，从而避免了在意大利被正式识别和登记，以更容易地到达北方欧洲国家，因为都柏林条例（2003年）规定，庇护申请应在欧盟入境国或父母居住地进行。因此，年龄评估程序可被视为一项相关任务，由法医专家承担，涉及所有相关问题，而年龄的到来是一个重要的门槛。在欧盟关于庇护的法律中，未成年人被视为成员国对其负有具体义务的弱势群体之一。在年龄估计程序方面，仍然缺乏适当的欧盟共同正式条例。根据意大利在这一问题上的法律的框架，应当始终进行体检，但一项新的法律完全改变了移民年龄估计程序的做法（不包括刑事案件），更好地遵守脆弱性和心理及社会成熟度的概念和观念。
The migrants arrived to the Italian coasts in 2016 were 181.436, 18% more than the previous year and 6% more than the highest number ever since. An "unaccompanied minor" (UAM) is a third-country national or a stateless person under eighteen years of age, who arrives on the territory of the Member State unaccompanied by an adult responsible for him/her whether by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, and for as long as he or she is not effectively taken into the care of such a person; it includes a minor who is left unaccompanied after he/she entered the territory of the Member States. As many as 95.985 UAMs applied for international protection in an EU member country just in 2015, almost four times the number registered in the previous year. The UAMs arrived in Italy were 28.283 in 2016; 94% of them were males, 92% unaccompanied, 8% of them under 15; the 53,6% is 17; the individuals between 16 and 17 are instead the 82%. Many of them (50%), 6561 in 2016, escaped from the sanctuaries, thus avoiding to be formally identified and registered in Italy in the attempt to reach more easily northern Europe countries, since The Dublin Regulations (2003) state that the asylum application should be held in the EU country of entrance or where parents reside. The age assessment procedures can therefore be considered as a relevant task that weighs in on the shoulders of the forensic experts with all the related issues and the coming of age is the important threshold. In the EU laws on asylum, the minors are considered as one of the groups of vulnerable persons towards whom Member States have specific obligations. A proper EU common formal regulation in the matter of age estimation procedures still lacks. According to the Italian legal framework in the matter, a medical examination should have been always performed but a new law completely changed the approach to the procedures of age estimation of the migrant (excluding the criminal cases) with a better adherence to the notions and concepts of vulnerability and psychological and social maturity.