Protein kinases regulate hyperactivated motility of human sperm.
Protein kinases regulate hyperactivated motility of human sperm.
复制标题
蛋白激酶调节人类精子的过度活跃运动。
DOI：
10.1097/cm9.0000000000001551
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发表时间：
2021-10-20
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ni Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang YY;Sun PB;Li K;Gao T;Zheng DW;Wu FP;Liu AJ;Ni Y
一旦精子进入雌性生殖道，它们就会经历一个称为获能的重要过程，这涉及一系列生理和生化变化，以确保受精。在获能过程中，钙离子（Ca 2+）增加精子鞭毛的弯曲幅度。这会导致过度活跃，表现为鞭毛的不对称跳动。酪氨酸磷酸化也是人类精子过度活化的一个原因;弱精子症，即精子活动力降低，发生在精子由于酪氨酸磷酸化受损而不能过度活化时。[1]超活化的运动使精子能够迁移并穿透卵母细胞周围的卵丘细胞和透明细胞，导致受精。因此，精子的超活化运动对男性生殖能力至关重要，人类精子超活化的分子机制需要进一步探讨。精子中不存在转录和翻译，因为它们具有高度致密的DNA，缺乏内质网。因此，过度激活的运动性主要由翻译后修饰调节，例如蛋白磷酸化，其可以激活或抑制特定的信号传导途径。在人类精子中发现了多种蛋白激酶。这些包括蛋白激酶A（PKA）、蛋白激酶B（也称为AKT）、蛋白激酶G（PKG）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK），它们在精子运动中起重要作用。
Once the sperm enters into the female reproductive tract, they undergo an important process called capacitation, which involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes that ensure fertilization. During capacitation, calcium ions (Ca2+) increase the bending amplitude of a sperm’s flagellum. This causes hyperactivation, which is manifested as the asymmetrical beating of the flagellum. Tyrosine phosphorylation is also a cause for human sperm hyperactivation; asthenospermia—that is, reduced sperm motility—occurs when the sperm are incapable of hyperactivation owing to impaired tyrosine phosphorylation.[1] Hyperactivated motility enables the sperm to migrate and penetrate the cumulus cells and zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte, leading to fertilization. Therefore, the hyperactivated motility of sperm is critical for male reproductive ability, and the molecular mechanism underlying human sperm hyperactivation requires discussion.Transcription and translation do not occur in sperm because they have highly compacted DNA and lack endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, hyperactivated motility is primarily regulated by post-translational modifications, such as protein phosphorylation, which can activate or inhibit specific signaling pathways. Multiple protein kinases have been found in human sperm. These include protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (also called AKT), protein kinase G (PKG), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which play important roles in sperm motility.