Helical molecules in organic chemistry
Helical molecules in organic chemistry
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DOI：
10.1007/bfb0049438
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发表时间：
1985-11
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
K. Meurer;F. Vögtle*
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Meurer;F. Vögtle*
螺旋结构或螺旋结构（螺旋：希腊语~ Xt~=缠绕，卷积，螺旋）在性质和技术上有各种变化。螺旋桨形状的螺旋结构在建筑学、物理学、天文学和生物学中发挥着重要作用。核酸、蛋白质和多糖的螺旋形大分子骨架是生物化学中重要的结构元素。它们的螺旋旋转通常通过氢键、金属阳离子、二硫键和疏水相互作用来稳定。•-直链淀粉是天然大分子的第一个螺旋结构。在溶液中，它每转含有大约6个葡萄糖单位，并通过连接三个羟基的氢桥来稳定。正常情况下，直链淀粉“宿主分子”平均每个葡萄糖单位含有一个“访客”水分子。螺旋的空腔足够大，每个螺旋可以容纳大约12个分子（la, 2a）。封闭的碘客体引起特有的强烈蓝色。直链淀粉的螺旋状空腔，直径约为450-700 PM（6螺旋和7螺旋）2b)也包合二苯乙烯和其他适当大小的化合物。6-螺旋结构形成最稳定的直链淀粉，可以在其空腔中容纳苯和脂肪族化合物（2b）。
Screw structures or helices (helix: Greek~ Xt~= winding, convolution, spiral) are encountered in various variations in nature and technique. Propeller-shaped, helical structures play an important role in architecture, physics, astronomy and biology. Screw-shaped macromolecular skeletons of nucleic acids, proteins and potysaccharides are important structural elements in biochemistry. Their helix turns often are stabilized through hydrogen bonds, metal cations, disulfide linkages and hydrophobic interactions.•-Amylose was the first helix postulated for a natural macromolecule. In solution it contains approx, six glucose units per turn and is stabilized through hydrogen bridges connecting the three hydroxy groups. Normally, the amylose" host molecule" contains on the average, one" guest" water molecule per glucose unit. The cavities of the helix are just large enough to take up approx, one 12 molecule per helix turn la, 2a). The enclosed iodine guest causes the characteristic intense blue color. The helical cavities of amylose, having a diameter of approx. 450-700 pm (6-helix and 7 helix, resp.) 2b) also enclose stilbenes and other compounds of appropriate size. The 6-helix forms the most stable amylose and can harbor benzene as well as aliphatic compounds in its cavities 2b).