THE EFFECTS OF REDUNDANCY AND FAMILIARITY ON TRANSLATING AND REPEATING BACK A FOREIGN AND A NATIVE LANGUAGE
THE EFFECTS OF REDUNDANCY AND FAMILIARITY ON TRANSLATING AND REPEATING BACK A FOREIGN AND A NATIVE LANGUAGE
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冗余和熟悉程度对翻译和复述外语和母语的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8295.1965.tb00979.x
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发表时间：
1965
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
A. Treisman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Treisman
该实验探讨了顺序约束对两项语音传输任务的影响：(a)“阴影”或重复母语和外语的后面段落；(b)外语与母语之间的同声传译。结果表明：(1)两项任务的效率随文章呈现信息量的增加而降低；(2)语言熟悉程度影响被试的阴影表现；该效应与序列约束无关；(3)翻译被证明比阴影更难，但在这种情况下，段落的信息含量越高，减少的幅度越大。这表明：(1)顺序约束在促进两种类型的语音传输中都很重要；（ii）在学习外语的过程中，这些词汇是与词汇同时学习的；（iii）翻译比阴影更困难，不仅是因为对输入或输出的熟悉程度降低，而且还因为输入和输出之间更复杂的转换增加了决策负荷。语法和语义约束的作用通过使用随机选择单词但语法符合正常规则的段落来分离。这些段落的表现介于普通散文和随机单词之间；语法限制似乎相对来说比意义限制更重要，在阴影中比在翻译中，在母语中比在外语中，在法语中比在英语中。对六名受试者的耳声跨度进行了测量，发现翻译比阴影更大，但不受顺序约束程度的影响。
The experiment explored the effect of sequential constraints on two speech transmission tasks: (a) ‘shadowing’ or repeating back passages in a native and in a foreign language; (b) simultaneous translation between a foreign and a native language. Three factors affecting performance were revealed: (1) efficiency decreased in both tasks with increased information rate in the presentation of the passages; (2) the familiarity of the language affected subjects' performance in shadowing; this effect was independent of sequential constraints; (3) translation proved more difficult than shadowing, but in this case the decrement was greater the higher the information content of the passages. This suggested (i) that sequential constraints are important in facilitating both types of speech transmission; (ii) that they are learnt concurrently with vocabulary in the acquisition of a foreign language; (iii) that translating is more difficult than shadowing not only because of decreased familiarity of either input or output, but also because of the increased decision load imposed by the more complex transformation between input and output. The roles of grammatical and semantic constraints were separated by the use of passages with words chosen at random but syntax conforming to normal rules. Performance with these passages was intermediate between that with normal prose and that with random words; the grammatical constraints seemed relatively more important than constraints of meaning in shadowing than in translating, in a native than in a foreign language, and in French than in English. The ear-voice span was measured for six subjects and was found to be greater for translating than for shadowing, but to be unaffected by the degree of sequential constraints.