Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment.
Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment.
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DOI：
10.2147/jir.s121994
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Rosocha J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zachar L;Bačenková D;Rosocha J
人间充质干细胞（MSCs）被认为是再生医学中一种有前景的细胞来源。它们具有分化为各种组织特异性细胞群的巨大潜力，并且可以从不同组织中按所需数量分离出来。作为潜在的自体来源细胞，它们使受体能够避免同种异体抗原反应。它们还具有创造免疫调节微环境的能力，从而有助于将炎症和免疫系统激活的细胞所造成的器官损伤降至最低。我们对间充质干细胞的修复、再生和免疫调节特性的了解正在不断深入。目前，对于间充质干细胞如何影响免疫系统，特别是在免疫基础上与组织和器官损伤的关系，已经有了非常清晰的认识。到目前为止，已经描述了许多间充质干细胞影响免疫反应的有效机制。这些机制包括分泌可溶性生物活性因子、诱导调节性T细胞、调节耐受性树突状细胞，以及诱导无反应性和细胞凋亡。因此，间充质干细胞能够影响先天性和适应性免疫反应。释放到局部微环境中并随后产生旁分泌效应的可溶性因子是激活的关键。结果，激活的间充质干细胞通过各种促进修复和再生过程的机制，以及通过免疫调节本身和分化为目标组织的细胞，有助于受损组织或器官的恢复。
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising source of cells in regenerative medicine. They have large potential to differentiate into various tissue-specific populations and may be isolated from diverse tissues in desired quantities. As cells of potential autologous origin, they allow recipients to avoid the alloantigen responses. They also have the ability to create immunomodulatory microenvironment, and thus help to minimize organ damage caused by the inflammation and cells activated by the immune system. Our knowledge about the reparative, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs is advancing. At present, there is a very comprehensible idea on how MSCs affect the immune system, particularly in relation to the tissue and organ damage on immunological basis. Hitherto a number of effective mechanisms have been described by which MSCs influence the immune responses. These mechanisms include a secretion of soluble bioactive agents, an induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, as well as induction of anergy and apoptosis. MSCs are thus able to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Soluble factors that are released into local microenvironment with their subsequent paracrine effects are keys to the activation. As a result, activated MSCs contribute to the restoration of damaged tissues or organs through various mechanisms facilitating reparative and regenerative processes as well as through immunomodulation itself and differentiation into the cells of the target tissue.