NUTRIENT AND DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION RATES FOR HIGH YIELDING MAIZE
NUTRIENT AND DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION RATES FOR HIGH YIELDING MAIZE
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DOI：
10.1080/01904168709363673
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
SADLER, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KARLEN, DL;FLANNERY, RL;SADLER, EJ
改良的杂交种、更好的水分管理、增加的养分施用率和更高的植物种群的综合效应显著增加了玉米（Zea maysL.）干物质，谷物产量和养分积累与塞尔在1940年和Hanway在1959年收集的基准数据相比。为了评估这些管理措施的变化对基准研究、2个近期田间研究和1985年最高经济产量（MEY）研究的季节积累率、气载干物质、N、P和K积累数据的影响，用复合三次多项式描述了这些变化。对方程进行微分以确定速率，并将其绘制为生长度单位的函数。所有5项研究的空气累积模式相似，尽管基准研究的平均谷物产量为6.4和7.1 Mg ha-1，最近研究的平均谷物产量为9.7和14.0 Mg ha-1，最大经济年研究的平均谷物产量为19.3 Mg ha-1。营养生长期间每日氮、磷和钾的累积速率峰值分别为强化管理的基准研究的3、2和6倍。在籽粒灌浆过程中，N和P的峰值积累速率增加了一倍，但K没有变化。所有5个数据集的速率曲线在营养生长和生殖生长阶段均显示出明显的峰值。双峰表明，最大的玉米产量必须在营养和生殖生长阶段提供最小的压力环境。这些结果可用于项目的最佳管理策略，盈利的玉米生产。
The combined effects of improved hybrids, better water management, increased nutrient application rates, and higher plant populations have significantly increased maize (Zea maysL.) dry matter, grain yield, and nutrient accumulation when compared to benchmark data collected by Sayre in 1940 and Hanway in 1959. To evaluate the effects of those changes in management practices on seasonal rates of accumulation, aerial dry matter, N, P and K accumulation data from the benchmark studies, 2 recent field studies and a 1985 maximum economic yield (MEY) study were described with compound cubic polynomials. The equations were differentiated to determine rates and plotted as a function of growing degree units. Aerial accumulation patterns were similar for all 5 studies even though grain yields averaged 6.4 and 7.1 Mg ha‐1in the benchmark studies, 9.7 and 14.0 Mg ha‐1in recent studies, and 19.3 Mg ha‐1in the MEY study. Peak daily N, P and K accumulation rates during vegetative growth were 3, 2, and 6 times higher with intensive management than in benchmark studies. During grain‐fill, peak accumulation rates were doubled for N and P, but unchanged for K. Rate curves for all 5 data sets showed distinct peaks during both vegetative and reproduction growth stages. Double peaks suggest that for maximum maize yield a minimum stress environment must be provided during both vegetative and reproductive growth stages. These results can be used to project optimum management strategies for profitable maize production.