References and Notes Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S10 Table S1 References Movies S1 to S6 Encoding Gender and Individual Information in the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

发表时间：

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

D. B. M. Moss;P. M. Knipe;Fields Howley;Virology;G C Carter;M. Law;M. Hollinshead;G. L. Smith;A C Townsley;A. S. Weisberg;T. R. Wagenaar;B. Moss;M J Lehmann;N. Sherer;C. B. Marks;M. Pypaert;W. Mothes;G T Charras;C. K. Hu;M. Coughlin;T. Mitchison;J C Mills;N. L. Stone;J. Erhardt;R. N. Pittman;M C Parrini;M. Matsuda;J. De Gunzburg;B. Soc;R. Sacher;B. Snijder;Jie He;Limei Ma;Sangseong Kim;J. Nakai;C. R. Yu

因此，MV传播可能与凋亡和邻近细胞对凋亡小体的预编程巨胞饮反应有关。牛痘MV使用巨胞饮和凋亡模拟进入宿主细胞。使用这种进入策略有几个好处。首先，它允许对其他病毒内吞机制来说太大的颗粒的内吞内化。其次，它允许病毒进入许多不同的细胞类型，因为PS介导的凋亡物质的清除对大多数细胞是常见的（19，26）。最后，通过模拟凋亡小体，MV可以在扩散到周围细胞时避免免疫检测，因为凋亡碎片的巨胞饮抑制先天免疫应答的激活（26）。在牛痘感染小鼠肺部期间，巨噬细胞浸润和T细胞成熟的缺乏（27）可以通过这种“沉默“的细胞间扩散机制来解释。和L. Pelkmans协助siRNA筛选; Helenius实验室的成员进行了有益的讨论。资金来自ETH苏黎世和罗氏基金会。哺乳动物犁鼻器检测复杂的化学信号，传达有关性别，应变，社会和个体的生殖状态的信息。人们对这些信号是如何编码的知之甚少。我们开发了转基因小鼠表达的钙指标G-CaMP 2和分析群体的犁鼻神经元尿液从个别动物的反应。相当一部分细胞被男性或女性的尿液激活，但只有一小部分细胞专门对跨菌株和个体共享的性别特异性线索做出反应。女性线索激活更多的细胞，并受到更复杂的激素调节比男性线索。与性别不同，菌株和个体信息是由神经元的组合激活编码的，这样来自不同个体的尿液激活了独特的细胞群。P信息素是一组化学物质的社会沟通在许多动物物种（1，2）的关键。有关性别、血统、社会地位、生殖状况和土地所有权的信息都体现在尿液和身体分泌物中复杂的信息素成分中。在小鼠中，犁鼻器（VNO）和嗅觉上皮检测到这种复杂的化学信号在触发内分泌变化和引发先天性领土攻击和交配行为中起着重要作用（3-5）。啮齿动物VNO表达超过250种受体，这些受体检测信息素并将信号传递到大脑（6-11）。目前还不清楚这些神经元如何编码有关性别和个体的信息。尿液中含有数百或...

MV spread is therefore likely to be connected with apoptosis and a preprogrammed mac-ropinocytic response of neighboring cells to apoptotic bodies. Vaccinia MVs use macropinocytosis and apoptotic mimicry to enter host cells. There are several advantages of using this entry strategy. First, it permits endocytic internalization of particles too big for other viral endocytic mechanisms. Second, it allows the virus to enter many different cell types, because PS-mediated clearance of apoptotic material is common to most cells (19, 26). Finally, by mimicking an apoptotic body, MVs may avoid immune detection as they spread to surrounding cells, because macropino-cytosis of apoptotic debris suppresses the activation of innate immune responses (26). The lack of macrophage infiltration and T cell maturation during murine lung infection by vaccinia (27) may be explained by this " silent " mechanism of cell-to-cell spread. and L. Pelkmans for assistance with siRNA screening; and the members of the Helenius lab for helpful discussion. Funding was obtained from ETH Zurich and the Roche Foundation. The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects complex chemical signals that convey information about gender, strain, and the social and reproductive status of an individual. How these signals are encoded is poorly understood. We developed transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator G-CaMP2 and analyzed population responses of vomeronasal neurons to urine from individual animals. A substantial portion of cells was activated by either male or female urine, but only a small population of cells responded exclusively to gender-specific cues shared across strains and individuals. Female cues activated more cells and were subject to more complex hormonal regulations than male cues. In contrast to gender, strain and individual information was encoded by the combinatorial activation of neurons such that urine from different individuals activated distinctive cell populations. P heromones are a group of chemicals critical for social communication in many animal species (1, 2). Information on sex, strain, social rank, reproductive status, and terrestrial ownership is represented in the complex phero-mone components in urine and bodily secretions. In mice, detection of such complex chemical signals by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the olfactory epithelium plays an important role in triggering endocrine changes and eliciting innate territorial aggression and mating behaviors (3–5). The rodent VNO expresses more than 250 receptors that detect pheromones and transmit the signals to the brain (6–11). It is not well understood how these neurons encode information about gender and individuals. Urine contains hundreds or …

References and Notes Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S10 Table S1 References Movies S1 to S6 Encoding Gender and Individual Information in the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

文献摘要

被引文献

相似文献