Hierarchical systematic conservation planning at the national level: Identifying national biodiversity hotspots using abiotic factors in Russia
Hierarchical systematic conservation planning at the national level: Identifying national biodiversity hotspots using abiotic factors in Russia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.036
复制
发表时间：
2005-07
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
S. Venevsky;Irina Venevskaia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Venevsky;Irina Venevskaia
国家养护规划应采用类似于全球采用的生物多样性措施，以便协调国家和国际养护战略。在此基础上，我们提出了能够在74个大国的国家层面上应用全球生物多样性热点两项标准的量化措施，并展示了如何将这些措施应用于国家生物多样性热点地图。全球热点地区的植物地方性标准是通过地方性的定量测量来获取的，这些测量近似与规模无关，并且可以根据一个国家的环境条件和保护优先事项进行校正。国家生物多样性热点地区的灵活土地利用标准是根据全球热点地区剩余自然植被的百分比确定的。利用维管植物物种丰富度数据，应用最小面积要求方法确定国家生物多样性热点地区边界。我们展示了在物种丰富度的空间格局未知的情况下，如何利用气候、地形和土地利用数据从维管植物的物种-能量关系中绘制国家生物多样性热点。本文以俄罗斯为例，应用该方法从非生物因素中绘制国家生物多样性热点。俄罗斯确定了北高加索、南西伯利亚和远东3个生物多样性热点地区。由此产生的热点地图覆盖了俄罗斯全国范围内的环境梯度，尽管它们也由俄罗斯专家确定，但其实际地理位置迄今尚未确定。为俄罗斯确定的大型国家热点可以用于进一步的精细规模和更详细的保护规划。
National conservation planning should operate with measures of biodiversity similar to those applied globally in order to harmonize national and international conservation strategies. Here we suggest quantitative measures which enable two criteria of the global biodiversity hotspots to be applied on a national level for 74 large countries, and show how these measures can be applied to map national biodiversity hotspots. The plant endemism criteria of global hotspots are captured by quantitative measures of endemism, which are approximately scale-independent and can be corrected to account for a country’s environmental conditions and conservation priorities. The flexible land use criteria for national biodiversity hotspots are defined from percentage of natural vegetation remaining in the global hotspots. The minimum-area-required approach is applied to define the borders of national biodiversity hotspots using data on vascular plants species richness. We show how national biodiversity hotspots can be mapped from the species–energy relationship for vascular plants using climate, topographical and land use data when spatial pattern of species richness is not known. This methodology to map national biodiversity hotspots from abiotic factors is applied to Russia as a case study. Three Russian biodiversity hotspots, North Caucasus, South Siberia and Far East were identified. The resulting hotspot maps cover national-scale environmental gradients across Russia and although they are also identified by Russian experts their actual geographical locations were hitherto unspecified. The large-scale national hotspots, identified for Russia, can be used for further fine scale and more detailed conservation planning.