Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Microbial Community of Winogradsky Columns.
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Microbial Community of Winogradsky Columns.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0134588
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bartow-McKenney C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Esteban DJ;Hysa B;Bartow-McKenney C
Winogradsky柱是通过将池塘沉积物添加到具有额外补充剂的透明圆柱体中并在光照下孵育而制备的模型微生物生态系统。环境梯度在柱内发展，产生允许富集特定细菌的不同小生境。富集培养可用于土壤和沉积物微生物群落结构和功能的研究。在这项研究中，我们使用了16 S rRNA基因的调查，以表征微生物群落动态Winogradsky柱开发过程中，以确定从源沉积物群落的变化率和程度。在一段时间的60天内，微生物群落的变化，从成立池塘沉积物人口：蓝细菌，绿球藻，硝化螺菌，浮游菌随着时间的推移，相对丰度增加，而大多数变形菌的相对丰度下降。一个独特的，光依赖性的表面生物膜群落形成了60天，是不太多样化，并占主导地位的一些高度丰富的细菌。67-72%的表面群落由在源池塘沉积物中罕见的高度富集的类群组成，包括蓝藻鱼腥藻，芽单胞菌门的成员，以及绿球藻类厌氧藻的成员。这表明稀有类群在适当的环境条件下可以变得丰富，并支持稀有类群作为微生物种子库的假设。我们还提出了初步的研究结果表明，噬菌体可能是活跃的Winogradsky社区。某些类群的动态，最显着的蓝细菌，表现出开花和下降的模式，与噬菌体捕食预测的赢家假说一致。延时摄影也支持噬菌体活动的可能性，揭示了类似于病毒斑块形成的菌落清除模式。Winogradsky柱是微生物生态学早期发展起来的一种富集土壤微生物的技术，因此可能是研究微生物和病毒生态学的一个有用的模型系统。
Winogradsky columns are model microbial ecosystems prepared by adding pond sediment to a clear cylinder with additional supplements and incubated with light. Environmental gradients develop within the column creating diverse niches that allow enrichment of specific bacteria. The enrichment culture can be used to study soil and sediment microbial community structure and function. In this study we used a 16S rRNA gene survey to characterize the microbial community dynamics during Winogradsky column development to determine the rate and extent of change from the source sediment community. Over a period of 60 days, the microbial community changed from the founding pond sediment population: Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Planctomycetes increased in relative abundance over time, while most Proteobacteria decreased in relative abundance. A unique, light-dependent surface biofilm community formed by 60 days that was less diverse and dominated by a few highly abundant bacteria. 67–72% of the surface community was comprised of highly enriched taxa that were rare in the source pond sediment, including the Cyanobacteria Anabaena, a member of the Gemmatimonadetes phylum, and a member of the Chloroflexi class Anaerolinea. This indicates that rare taxa can become abundant under appropriate environmental conditions and supports the hypothesis that rare taxa serve as a microbial seed bank. We also present preliminary findings that suggest that bacteriophages may be active in the Winogradsky community. The dynamics of certain taxa, most notably the Cyanobacteria, showed a bloom-and-decline pattern, consistent with bacteriophage predation as predicted in the kill-the-winner hypothesis. Time-lapse photography also supported the possibility of bacteriophage activity, revealing a pattern of colony clearance similar to formation of viral plaques. The Winogradsky column, a technique developed early in the history of microbial ecology to enrich soil microbes, may therefore be a useful model system to investigate both microbial and viral ecology.