Impacts of urbanization on stream habitat and fish across multiple spatial scales
Impacts of urbanization on stream habitat and fish across multiple spatial scales
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s0026702409
复制
发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kanehl, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, LZ;Lyons, J;Kanehl, P
我们分析了美国威斯康星州东南部 47 个小岛屿的土地覆盖数量和空间格局与溪流鱼类群落、溪流栖息地和基流的关系。流域涵盖以农业为主到以城市为主的土地利用梯度。流域内连通的不渗透表面的数量是预测鱼类密度、物种丰富度、多样性和生物完整性指数 (]BI) 得分的城市化的最佳衡量标准；河岸侵蚀；和基础流量。然而，相关的不渗透性与鱼类的整体栖息地质量没有显着相关。使用分位数回归开发了非线性模型，以预测给定不渗透性水平的最大可能鱼类数量、IBI 评分和基流。在流域连通不渗透性水平小于约 8% 时，所有三个变量都可能具有较高值，而在连通性不渗透性水平大于 12% 时，它们的值不可避免地较低。 8% 至 12% 之间的连通不渗透性水平代表了一个阈值区域，城市化的微小变化可能会导致河流状况发生重大变化。在空间分析中，沿溪流 50 米缓冲区内或采样点上游 1.6 公里半径内的连接不渗透性对溪流鱼类和基流的影响比更远的相当数量的不渗透性的影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，最大限度地减少相连的不透水表面并沿溪流建立未开发缓冲区的城市发展应比传统类型的发展产生的影响更小。
We analyzed the relation of the amount and spatial pattern of land cover with stream fish communities, in-stream habitat, and baseflow in 47 small southeastern Wisconsin, USA. watersheds encompassing a gradient of predominantly agricultural to predominantly urban land uses. The amount of connected impervious surface in the watershed was the best measure of urbanization for predicting fish density, species richness, diversity, and index of biotic integrity (]BI) score; bank erosion; and base flow. However, connected imperviousness was not significantly correlated with overall habitat quality for fish. Nonlinear models were developed using quantile regression to predict the maximum possible number of fish species, IBI score, and base flow for a given level of imperviousness. At watershed connected imperviousness levels less than about 8%, all three variables could have high values, whereas at connected imperviousness levels greater than 12% their values were inevitably low. Connected imperviousness levels between 8 and 12% represented a threshold region where minor changes in urbanization could result in major changes in stream condition. In a spatial analysis, connected imperviousness within a 50-m buffer along the stream or within a 1.6-km radius upstream of the sampling site had more influence on stream fish and base flow than did comparable amounts of imperviousness further away. Our results suggest that urban development that minimizes amount of connected impervious surface and establishes undeveloped buffer areas along streams should have less impact than conventional types of development.