Radioactivity and the environment: technical approaches to understand the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in radionuclide bioaccumulation.
Radioactivity and the environment: technical approaches to understand the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in radionuclide bioaccumulation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.00580
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Pittman JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies HS;Cox F;Robinson CH;Pittman JK
放射性核素的植物累积在监测食物链中放射性核素的积累、开发环境生物修复方法以及生态管理方面具有重大意义。我们对植物放射性核素累积的特征和机制的理解存在许多空白，包括共生相关的丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的重要性。我们首先简要回顾表明AM真菌能够增强铀 - 238向植物根组织转移的能力以及真菌联合如何可能阻止其进一步向地上组织移动的证据。然后我们聚焦于应能进一步增进我们对AM真菌 - 植物放射性核素累积知识的方法。当前的研究大多使用人工栽培方法，我们考虑如何进行更具生态相关性的分析。对使用基于同步加速器的X射线荧光成像和吸收光谱技术来了解放射性核素通过AM真菌从土壤向植物转移的机制进行了评估。没有这些进一步的知识，就无法准确模拟放射性核素的行为和移动，也无法准确预测潜在风险。
Phytoaccumulation of radionuclides is of significant interest with regards to monitoring radionuclide build-up in food chains, developing methods for environmental bioremediation and for ecological management. There are many gaps in our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of plant radionuclide accumulation, including the importance of symbiotically-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We first briefly review the evidence that demonstrates the ability of AM fungi to enhance the translocation of 238U into plant root tissues, and how fungal association may prevent further mobilization into shoot tissues. We then focus on approaches that should further advance our knowledge of AM fungi–plant radionuclide accumulation. Current research has mostly used artificial cultivation methods and we consider how more ecologically-relevant analysis might be performed. The use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging and absorption spectroscopy techniques to understand the mechanisms of radionuclide transfer from soil to plant via AM fungi is evaluated. Without such further knowledge, the behavior and mobilization of radionuclides cannot be accurately modeled and the potential risks cannot be accurately predicted.