Maybe Holier, But Definitely Less Evil, Than You: Bounded Self-Righteousness in Social Judgment
Maybe Holier, But Definitely Less Evil, Than You: Bounded Self-Righteousness in Social Judgment
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DOI：
10.1037/pspa0000050
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Epley, Nicholas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klein, Nadav;Epley, Nicholas
在人类判断中，很少有偏见比自以为是更容易表现出来：认为自己比别人更道德的倾向。然而，现有的研究忽略了一个重要的模糊性，在评估自己和他人的道德行为，可能会导致一个过于简单化的自以为正义的特点。特别是，道德行为跨越了从做好事到做坏事的广泛范围。自我正义可能意味着相信一个人比其他人更有可能做好事，不太可能做坏事，或者两者兼而有之。基于认知和动机机制，我们预测了自义程度的不对称性，即考虑不道德行为（做坏事）时比考虑道德行为（做好事）时更大。一系列实验证实了这一预测。最后一个实验表明，这种不对称性部分是由人们在评价自己和他人时所采用的视角差异造成的（实验8）。这些结果都表明了一种有限的自我正义感。相信一个人“比你更不邪恶”似乎比相信一个人“比你更圣洁”更可靠。"
Few biases in human judgment are easier to demonstrate than self-righteousness: the tendency to believe one is more moral than others. Existing research, however, has overlooked an important ambiguity in evaluations of one's own and others' moral behavior that could lead to an overly simplistic characterization of self-righteousness. In particular, moral behavior spans a broad spectrum ranging from doing good to doing bad. Self-righteousness could indicate believing that one is more likely to do good than others, less likely to do bad, or both. Based on cognitive and motivational mechanisms, we predicted an asymmetry in the degree of self-righteousness such that it would be larger when considering unethical actions (doing bad) than when considering ethical actions (doing good). A series of experiments confirmed this prediction. A final experiment suggests that this asymmetry is partly produced by the difference in perspectives that people adopt when evaluating themselves and others (Experiment 8). These results all suggest a bounded sense of self-righteousness. Believing one "less evil than thou" seems more reliable than believing one is "holier than thou."