Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the Etiologic Agents of Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the Etiologic Agents of Cryptococcosis
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a019760
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bahn, Yong-Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.;Fraser, James A.;Bahn, Yong-Sun
新生隐球菌和格特隐球菌是隐球菌病的两种病原体。它们属于担子菌门，并且可以通过多糖荚膜的存在、黑色素的形成和尿素酶活性（其都作为毒力决定因素）容易地与其他致病性酵母（例如念珠菌）区分。感染通过吸入和随后的传播到中枢神经系统引起脑膜脑炎。隐球菌病最常见的风险是由C。neoformans是AIDS，而C.与免疫功能低下患者相比，免疫功能正常的患者更常报告gattii，但风险不确定。已经有许多关于C语言的章节、评论和书籍。新人类我们在这篇文章中关注的主题包括物种描述，发病机制，生命周期，胶囊和应激反应，这有助于突出这种独特的胶囊化黑色素形成酵母中发生的毒力的专业化，这种酵母每年导致全球死亡估计超过60万人。
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. They belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and can be readily distinguished from other pathogenic yeasts such as Candida by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, formation of melanin, and urease activity, which all function as virulence determinants. Infection proceeds via inhalation and subsequent dissemination to the central nervous system to cause meningoencephalitis. The most common risk for cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans is AIDS, whereas infections caused by C. gattii are more often reported in immunocompetent patients with undefined risk than in the immunocompromised. There have been many chapters, reviews, and books written on C. neoformans. The topicswe focus on in this article include species description, pathogenesis, life cycle, capsule, and stress response, which serve to highlight the specializations in virulence that have occurred in this unique encapsulated melanin-forming yeast that causes global deaths estimated at more than 600,000 annually.