Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety
Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1508435112
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kremen, Claire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karp, Daniel S.;Gennet, Sasha;Kremen, Claire
2006年，在袋装菠菜中爆发的致命大肠杆菌O157：H7被追踪到加利福尼亚州的中央海岸地区，美国销售的70%的沙拉蔬菜都是在那里生产的。虽然无法确定暴发的确切原因，但野生动物被认为是疾病媒介。随后，种植者被迫移除周围的非农作物植被，以最大限度地减少野生动物对农田的入侵。然而，植被移除实际上是如何影响食源性病原体的尚不清楚。我们结合了一张精细的土地利用地图和三个数据集，包括类似于250,000个肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)、通用大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌在农产品、灌溉水和啮齿动物中的测试，以量化农田周围的半自然植被是否与加州中央海岸地区的食源性病原体流行有关。我们发现，从2007年到2013年，新鲜农产品中的EHEC增加了一个数量级以上，尽管农田边缘的植被被广泛砍伐。此外，尽管在适合牲畜放牧的地区附近的农场中，EHEC在农产品中的流行率最高，但我们在非放牧、半自然地区附近没有发现EHEC、通用大肠杆菌或沙门氏菌增加的证据。相反，病原体流行率在移除非作物植被的农场中增加最多，这让人们对促进移除植被以提高食品安全的改革产生了质疑。这些结果表明，随着联邦食品安全改革覆盖近450万英亩的美国农田，为了食品安全和环境质量而对新鲜农产品农场进行联合管理是一条前进的道路。
In 2006, a deadly Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in bagged spinach was traced to California's Central Coast region, where >70% of the salad vegetables sold in the United States are produced. Although no definitive cause for the outbreak could be determined, wildlife was implicated as a disease vector. Growers were subsequently pressured to minimize the intrusion of wildlife onto their farm fields by removing surrounding noncrop vegetation. How vegetation removal actually affects foodborne pathogens remains unknown, however. We combined a fine-scale land use map with three datasets comprising similar to 250,000 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), generic E. coli, and Salmonella tests in produce, irrigation water, and rodents to quantify whether seminatural vegetation surrounding farmland is associated with foodborne pathogen prevalence in California's Central Coast region. We found that EHEC in fresh produce increased by more than an order of magnitude from 2007 to 2013, despite extensive vegetation clearing at farm field margins. Furthermore, although EHEC prevalence in produce was highest on farms near areas suitable for livestock grazing, we found no evidence of increased EHEC, generic E. coli, or Salmonella near nongrazed, seminatural areas. Rather, pathogen prevalence increased the most on farms where noncrop vegetation was removed, calling into question reforms that promote vegetation removal to improve food safety. These results suggest a path forward for comanaging fresh produce farms for food safety and environmental quality, as federal food safety reforms spread across similar to 4.5 M acres of US farmland.