Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets
Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/78.3.633s
复制
发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Hunt, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunt, JR
在考虑素食的营养价值时，铁和锌是目前最受关注的微量矿物质。素食者不吃肉，增加含植酸的豆类和全谷物的摄入，铁和锌的吸收量比非素食者要低。铁和锌生物利用度降低对健康的影响尚不清楚，特别是在粮食供应丰富多样的工业化国家，营养和健康研究普遍支持减少肉类和增加豆类和全谷物消费的建议。虽然很明显，素食者的铁储量较低，但在发达国家的各种素食中，还没有证明铁和锌吸收较低对健康的不利影响，甚至有人假设，适度降低铁储量可以降低患慢性病的风险。绝经前妇女不容易达到推荐的铁摄入量，如素食者修改，单独的食物；然而，常规补铁的益处尚未得到证实。监测素食儿童和育龄妇女的血红蛋白可能是谨慎的。需要改进评估方法来确定素食者是否有缺锌的风险。与铁和锌相比，像铜这样的元素似乎可以从素食中得到充分的补充。虽然铁和锌的缺乏通常与贫穷国家的植物性饮食有关，但与富裕国家的素食无关，随着营养评估方法变得更加敏感，植物性饮食受到更大的重视，这些营养素值得关注。
Iron and zinc are currently the trace minerals of greatest concern when considering the nutritional value of vegetarian diets. With elimination of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, the absorption of both iron and zinc is lower with vegetarian than with nonvegetarian, diets. The health consequences of lower iron and zinc bioavailability are not clear, especially in industrialized countries with abundant, varied food supplies, where nutrition and health research has generally supported recommendations to reduce meat and increase legume and whole-grain consumption. Although it is clear that vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects from lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied vegetarian diets in developed countries, and moderately lower iron stores have even been hypothesized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Premenopausal women cannot easily achieve recommended iron intakes, as modified for vegetarians, with foods alone; however, the benefit of routine iron supplementation has not been demonstrated. It may be prudent to monitor the hemoglobin of vegetarian children and women of childbearing age. Improved assessment methods are required to determine whether vegetarians are at risk of zinc deficiency. In contrast with iron and zinc, elements such as copper appear to be adequately provided by vegetarian diets. Although the iron and zinc deficiencies commonly associated with plant-based diets in impoverished nations are not associated with vegetarian diets in wealthier countries, these nutrients warrant attention as nutritional assessment methods become more sensitive and plant-based diets receive greater emphasis.