Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate
Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erp080
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Ingram, John S. I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gregory, Peter J.;Johnson, Scott N.;Ingram, John S. I.
虽然许多研究已经证明了植物和作物产量对气候变化的敏感性，但农业研究界面临的一个主要挑战是将这些研究结果与更广泛的社会对粮食安全的关注联系起来。本文综述了气候对作物生长和产量的直接影响，以及在气候变化下作物、害虫和病原体之间可能发生的相互作用。最后，我们认为，更好地了解作物生产系统中的害虫和病原体的作用，可能会加强粮食安全的贡献。有关气候变化对作物及其相关害虫和病原体影响的证据已开始记录在案。全球大气[CO2]增加，在北方纬度许多地方的平均温度上升了约1.0-1.4摄氏度，同时伴随着害虫和病原体发病率以及耕作方式的变化。许多害虫和病原体表现出相当大的能力，在关键的致病性，适应性和侵略性特征方面产生，重组和选择合适的变体组合，毫无疑问，气候变化带来的任何新机会都将被它们利用。然而，在气候变化的背景下，作物与害虫和病原体之间的相互作用是复杂的，而且人们对其知之甚少。在作物模型中更加机械地纳入害虫和病原体的影响，将导致对区域范围的作物生产作出更切合实际的预测，从而有助于制定更强有力的区域粮食安全政策。
While many studies have demonstrated the sensitivities of plants and of crop yield to a changing climate, a major challenge for the agricultural research community is to relate these findings to the broader societal concern with food security. This paper reviews the direct effects of climate on both crop growth and yield and on plant pests and pathogens and the interactions that may occur between crops, pests, and pathogens under changed climate. Finally, we consider the contribution that better understanding of the roles of pests and pathogens in crop production systems might make to enhanced food security. Evidence for the measured climate change on crops and their associated pests and pathogens is starting to be documented. Globally atmospheric [CO2] has increased, and in northern latitudes mean temperature at many locations has increased by about 1.0-1.4 degrees C with accompanying changes in pest and pathogen incidence and to farming practices. Many pests and pathogens exhibit considerable capacity for generating, recombining, and selecting fit combinations of variants in key pathogenicity, fitness, and aggressiveness traits that there is little doubt that any new opportunities resulting from climate change will be exploited by them. However, the interactions between crops and pests and pathogens are complex and poorly understood in the context of climate change. More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.