Source apportionment of organic pollutants of a highway-traffic-influenced urban area in Bayreuth (Germany) using biomarker and stable carbon isotope signatures
Source apportionment of organic pollutants of a highway-traffic-influenced urban area in Bayreuth (Germany) using biomarker and stable carbon isotope signatures
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es050002p
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Heitmann, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glaser, B;Dreyer, A;Heitmann, T
受交通和城市影响的地区很容易受到化石燃料和生物质不完全燃烧产物的污染，如炭黑或多环芳烃。黑碳由芳香族和石墨结构组成，可以作为多环芳烃和重金属等污染物的载体。然而，很少有人知道的可能贡献的交通来源的黑碳的黑碳库存在土壤中。不同污染源对多环芳烃和黑碳总量的贡献也存在类似的不确定性。因此，本研究的目的是量化的重要性，交通污染的黑碳和多环芳烃库存在土壤中。在拜罗伊特市区，每天约有50 000辆汽车行驶，与其他研究中报告的公路附近土壤相比，德国主要公路附近土壤的PAH污染处于相同的数量级。使用分子（黑碳和多环芳烃）和化合物特定的稳定碳同位素的证据（多环芳烃），它表明，这种污染不仅源于汽车尾气，这里主要是柴油，但也从轮胎磨损和排气管烟尘，这显着有助于交通造成的黑碳和多环芳烃污染。低分子量的多环芳烃更广泛地运输比重分子同行（当地蒸馏），而高速公路交通造成的黑碳污染分布到至少30米的高速公路。另一方面，城市火灾废气在城市地区分布更加均匀。
Traffic- and urban-influenced areas are prone to enhanced pollution with products of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass such as black carbon or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Black carbon is composed of aromatic and graphitic structures and may act as a carrier for pollutants such as PAHs and heavy metals. However, little is known about possible contributions of traffic-derived black carbon to the black carbon inventory in soils. Similar uncertainties exist regarding the contribution of different pollutant sources to total PAH and black carbon contents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the importance of traffic pollution to black carbon and PAH inventories in soils. PAH contamination of soils adjacent to a major German highway in the urban area of Bayreuth with about 50 000 vehicles per day was in the same order of magnitude compared to highway-close soils reported in other studies. Using molecular (black carbon and PAHs) and compound-specific stable carbon isotope evidence (PAHs) it was demonstrated that this contamination originated not only from automobile exhausts, here primarily diesel, but also from tire abrasion and tailpipe soot which significantly contributed to the traffic caused black carbon and PAH contamination. Low molecular weight PAHs were more widely transported than their heavy molecular counterparts (local distillation), whereas highway-traffic-caused black carbon contamination was distributed to at least 30 m from the highway. On the other hand, urban fire exhausts were distributed more homogeneously among the urban area.