Specificity of Dyspraxia in Children With Autism
Specificity of Dyspraxia in Children With Autism
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026955
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mostofsky, Stewart H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacNeil, Lindsey K.;Mostofsky, Stewart H.
目的：通过对自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和典型发育期(TD)儿童的检测，探讨实践和姿势知识受损对孤独症的特异性。方法：24名自闭症儿童、24名ADHD儿童和24名TD儿童，年龄8-13岁，完成了评估基本运动控制能力(身体和神经细微体征检查；PANESS)、实践(执行熟练的手势以指挥、模仿和使用工具)和识别执行熟练手势所需的正确手势的能力(姿势知识测试；PKT)。结果：ASD儿童在所有三项评估中的表现均明显逊于TD儿童。相比之下，ADHD儿童在PANESS上的表现明显逊于TD对照组，但在实践检查或PKT上没有。此外，自闭症儿童在实践检查和PKT上的表现明显逊于ADHD儿童，但在PANESS上没有。结论：虽然ADHD儿童和ASD儿童都表现出基本运动控制的障碍，但与运动障碍一致的操作和熟练运动手势识别的障碍似乎是自闭症特有的。这些发现表明，熟练手势和其他目标导向行为发展所必需的知觉-运动动作模型的形成受损是自闭症特有的；而基本运动控制受损可能是一个更普遍的发现。
Objective: To explore the specificity of impaired praxis and postural knowledge to autism by examining three samples of children, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing (TD) children. Method: Twenty-four children with ASD, 24 children with ADHD, and 24 TD children, ages 8-13, completed measures assessing basic motor control (the Physical and Neurological Exam for Subtle Signs; PANESS), praxis (performance of skilled gestures to command, with imitation, and tool use) and the ability to recognize correct hand postures necessary to perform skilled gestures (the Postural Knowledge Test; PKT). Results: Children with ASD performed significantly worse than TD children on all three assessments. In contrast, children with ADHD performed significantly worse than TD controls on PANESS but not on the praxis examination or PKT. Furthermore, children with ASD performed significantly worse than children with ADHD on both the praxis examination and PKT, but not on the PANESS. Conclusions: Whereas both children with ADHD and children with ASD show impairments in basic motor control, impairments in performance and recognition of skilled motor gestures, consistent with dyspraxia, appear to be specific to autism. The findings suggest that impaired formation of perceptual-motor action models necessary to development of skilled gestures and other goal directed behavior is specific to autism; whereas, impaired basic motor control may be a more generalized finding.