Simplified and improved monitoring traps for sampling sand flies
Simplified and improved monitoring traps for sampling sand flies
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00188.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Beier, John C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller, Guenter C.;Revay, Edita E.;Beier, John C.
几乎每一次研究野外自然行为或应用控制沙蝇的结果的尝试都涉及密集的种群采样（亚历山大和Maroli 2003）。白蛉成虫的三种标准监测技术是人类着陆收集、粘性纸和CDC光诱收集（Killick-Kendrick 1987）。人类登陆采集通常吸引最多的白蛉（Hanjiang等人，2007年），但捕获量取决于个体采集者的技能和吸引力，并且通常使采集者面临更高的利什曼原虫感染风险。因此，CDC光陷阱（有或没有CO2）和粘纸（有或没有灯）已成为标准的监测技术（Hoel et al. 2007，Orshan et al. 2010）。二氧化碳是吸血沙蝇最有效的单一引诱剂，但由于实际原因，通常不使用（Killick-Kendrick 1987）。亚历山大（2000）综述了许多收集沙蝇的方法和诱捕器设计。无吸引力的诱捕器，如简单的粘性纸和未照明、未加诱饵的CDC诱捕器，仅从其附近区域捕获苍蝇，因此，往往产生相对较少的白蛉数量（Burkett等人，2007年）。相比之下，配备白炽灯或紫外线灯的CDC诱捕器比未照明的诱捕器捕获更多的白蛉，并且距离可达数米（Killick-Kendrick et al. 1985）。光，特别是像紫外线这样的短波长的光，虽然通常被认为是一种引诱剂，但它扰乱了夜间活动的飞行昆虫的方向，而不是传统意义上的吸引它们（Nowinszky 2004）。方向受损的雌性和雄性白蛉被吸引到光源的方向，并被禁用以避免陷阱的捕获机制（Junnila等人，2011）。
Almost every attempt to study natural behavior in the field or the outcome of applied control of sand flies involves intensive population sampling (Alexander and Maroli 2003). The three standard surveillance techniques for adult phlebotomine sand flies are human landing collections, sticky papers, and CDC light trap collections (Killick-Kendrick 1987). Human landing collections often attract the largest number of sand flies (Hanafi et al. 2007) but catches depend on the skill and attractiveness of the individual collector and often expose collectors to an increased risk of Leishmania infections. Accordingly, CDC light traps (either with or without CO 2) and sticky papers (with or without lights) have become the standard surveillance techniques (Hoel et al. 2007, Orshan et al. 2010). Carbon dioxide is the single most powerful attractant for blood questing sand flies, but for practical reasons it is often not used (Killick-Kendrick 1987).Numerous methods and trap designs for sand fly collection have been reviewed by Alexander (2000). Non-attractive traps, like simple sticky papers and unlighted, un-baited CDC traps, only catch flies from their immediate area and accordingly, tend to yield relatively low numbers of sand flies (Burkett et al. 2007). In contrast, CDC traps equipped with incandescent or UV light catch significantly more sand flies than unlighted traps and from distances up to several meters (Killick-Kendrick et al. 1985). Light, especially of a short wavelength like UV, though generally regarded as an attractant, is upsetting the orientation of night active flying insects rather than attracting them in a classical sense (Nowinszky 2004). Female and male sand flies with compromised orientation are drawn into the direction of the light source and are disabled to avoid capture mechanisms of traps (Junnila et al. 2011).