A comparison of 1701 snow models using observations from an alpine site
A comparison of 1701 snow models using observations from an alpine site
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DOI：
10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.07.013
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Menard, Cecile B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Essery, Richard;Morin, Samuel;Menard, Cecile B.
有许多模型试图预测地面上雪的物理过程，用于一系列应用，对这些模型的评估表明，它们具有广泛的行为。然而，雪模型的审查表明，他们中的许多人借鉴了相对较少的过程参数化结合在不同的配置和使用不同的参数值。一个单一的模型，结合现有的参数化不同的复杂性，在许多不同的配置，以产生大量的模拟合奏。该模型的驱动和评估的数据从四个冬天在法国的高山网站。考虑雪量、雪深、雪量和地表温度的模拟误差表明，没有“最佳”模型，但有一组模型配置始终给出良好的结果，另一组始终给出较差的结果，以及许多在某些情况下给出良好结果而在其他情况下给出较差结果的配置。模型的复杂性和性能之间没有明确的联系，但最一致的结果来自具有雪密度和雪量的预测表示的配置，并考虑到雪中液态水的储存和再冻结。(c)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
There are many models that attempt to predict physical processes in snow on the ground for a range of applications, and evaluations of these models show that they have a wide range of behaviours. A review of snow models, however, shows that many of them draw on a relatively small number of process parameterizations combined in different configurations and using different parameter values. A single model that combines existing parameterizations of differing complexity in many different configurations to generate large ensembles of simulations is presented here. The model is driven and evaluated with data from four winters at an alpine site in France. Consideration of errors in simulations of snow mass, snow depth, albedo and surface temperature show that there is no "best'' model, but there is a group of model configurations that give consistently good results, another group that give consistently poor results, and many configurations that give good results in some cases and poor results in others. There is no clear link between model complexity and performance, but the most consistent results come from configurations that have prognostic representations of snow density and albedo and that take some account of storage and refreezing of liquid water within the snow. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.