ENVIRONMENTAL MODULATION OF KARLOTOXIN LEVELS IN STRAINS OF THE COSMOPOLITAN DINOFLAGELLATE, KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM (DINOPHYCEAE)
ENVIRONMENTAL MODULATION OF KARLOTOXIN LEVELS IN STRAINS OF THE COSMOPOLITAN DINOFLAGELLATE, KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM (DINOPHYCEAE)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00641.x
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Place, Allen R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adolf, Jason E.;Bachvaroff, Tsvetan R.;Place, Allen R.
研究了N或P耗竭、交替N或P源、盐度和温度对Karlodium veneficum(D.Ballant)菌株产生KmTx的影响。J.Larsen，一种具有鱼毒的甲藻，在原位表现出高度的毒性变异性。被检查的6株菌株分别是KmTx 1(CCMP 1974，MD 2)和KmTx 2(CCMP 2064，CCMP 2283，MBM1)产生菌，以及1株在营养充足的生长条件下不产生可检测到的岩藻毒素的菌株(MD 5)。我们假设，限制生长的条件会导致更高的细胞卡洛毒素配额。KmTx在所有生长阶段都存在于有毒菌株中，在低N或低P条件下，KmTx在稳定期和衰老期培养中增加，一般是2-5倍，但有些观察到在10-15倍范围内。无毒菌株MD-5在低氮或低磷条件下未观察到核毒素。营养品质(NO3、NH4、尿素和甘油磷酸盐)不影响生长速度，但在NH4上生长产生的细胞毒性是CCMP 1974的2-3倍，KmTx1-1：KmTx1-3比高50%。CCMP 1974在低盐度下表现出较高的细胞毒性(
We examined the influence of N or P depletion, alternate N- or P-sources, salinity, and temperature on karlotoxin (KmTx) production in strains of Karlodinium veneficum (D. Ballant.) J. Larsen, an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate that shows a high degree of variability of toxicity in situ. The six strains examined represented KmTx 1 (CCMP 1974, MD 2) and KmTx 2 (CCMP 2064, CCMP 2283, MBM1) producers, and one strain that did not produce detectable karlotoxin under nutrient-replete growth conditions (MD 5). We hypothesized that growth-limiting conditions would result in higher cell quotas of karlotoxin. KmTx was present in toxic strains during all growth phases and increased in stationary and senescent phase cultures under low N or P, generally 2- to 5-fold but with some observations in the 10- to 15-fold range. No karlotoxin was observed under low-N or low-P conditions in the nontoxic strain MD 5. Nutrient-quality (NO3, NH4, urea, and glycerophosphate) did not affect growth rate, but growth on NH4 produced 2- to 3-fold higher cellular toxicity and a 50% higher ratio of KmTx 1-1:KmTx 1-3 in CCMP 1974. CCMP 1974 showed higher cellular toxicity at low salinity (