The Determinants of Tariff and Nontariff Trade Restrictions in the United States
The Determinants of Tariff and Nontariff Trade Restrictions in the United States
复制标题
美国关税和非关税贸易限制的决定因素
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
E. J. Ray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. J. Ray
本文使用1970年的贸易数据，建立并检验了一个简单的模型，用于确定美国各行业的关税和非关税贸易壁垒。我们发现，非关税贸易限制补充了美国的关税保护。关税和非关税贸易限制都偏向于美国在世界贸易中处于明显比较劣势的行业，而远离那些因保护而导致消费者福利损失巨大的行业。我们还发现大量的证据表明，关税和非关税贸易限制占主导地位的行业有非常不同的市场特征。
This paper develops and tests a simple model for the determination of tariff and nontariff barriers to trade across industries within the United States, using 1970 trade data. We find that nontariff trade restrictions have supplemented tariff protection in the United States. Both tariff and nontariff trade restrictions are biased toward industries in which the United States has an apparent comparative disadvantage in world trade and away from industries in which consumer welfare losses from protection would be great. We also find substantial evidence that tariff and nontariff trade restrictions predominate in industries with very different market characteristics.