Emerging issues in radiogenic cataracts and cardiovascular disease.
Emerging issues in radiogenic cataracts and cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1093/jrr/rru036
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sato H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamada N;Fujimichi Y;Iwasaki T;Fujii N;Furuhashi M;Kubo E;Minamino T;Nomura T;Sato H
2011年，国际辐射防护委员会发表了一份关于组织反应（以前称为非随机或确定性效应）的声明，建议降低白内障的阈值和眼睛晶状体透镜的职业当量剂量限值。此外，该声明首次将循环系统疾病（心血管和脑血管疾病）列为辐射照射的健康危害，并确定了心脏和大脑的阈值。这些变化引发了各种讨论，并可能对一些辐射工作者，如医疗部门的工作者产生影响。本文考虑了与白内障和心血管疾病相关的新问题。对于白内障，本文涉及的主题包括（i）透镜混浊的进行性、随机性、靶细胞和触发事件，（ii）透镜蛋白变性、氧化应激、钙离子、肿瘤抑制因子和DNA修复因子在白内障发生中的作用，（iii）剂量率效应、辐射加权因子和白内障的分类系统，以及（iv）临床环境中透镜剂量的估计。心血管疾病的主题包括实验动物模型，相关的替代标记物，潜伏期，靶组织，炎症和细胞衰老的作用。最后对未来的研究需求进行了讨论。
In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a statement on tissue reactions (formerly termed non-stochastic or deterministic effects) to recommend lowering the threshold for cataracts and the occupational equivalent dose limit for the crystalline lens of the eye. Furthermore, this statement was the first to list circulatory disease (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease) as a health hazard of radiation exposure and to assign its threshold for the heart and brain. These changes have stimulated various discussions and may have impacts on some radiation workers, such as those in the medical sector. This paper considers emerging issues associated with cataracts and cardiovascular disease. For cataracts, topics dealt with herein include (i) the progressive nature, stochastic nature, target cells and trigger events of lens opacification, (ii) roles of lens protein denaturation, oxidative stress, calcium ions, tumor suppressors and DNA repair factors in cataractogenesis, (iii) dose rate effect, radiation weighting factor, and classification systems for cataracts, and (iv) estimation of the lens dose in clinical settings. Topics for cardiovascular disease include experimental animal models, relevant surrogate markers, latency period, target tissues, and roles of inflammation and cellular senescence. Future research needs are also discussed.