Understanding the user context: decision calendars as frameworks for linking climate to policy, planning, and decision‐making
Understanding the user context: decision calendars as frameworks for linking climate to policy, planning, and decision‐making
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了解用户背景：决策日历作为将气候与政策、规划和决策联系起来的框架
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
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通讯作者：
R. Webb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Ray;R. Webb
气候科学家和决策者需要能够有效地合作，了解彼此的需求、能力和局限性，以便为适应不断变化的环境的决策提供信息。然而，用于理解用户上下文的分析框架没有得到很好的记录。本章将决策日历描述为一个实用的框架，用于组织和理解有关用户背景的信息，以便将有关利害关系方是否以及如何使用气候信息的第一阶问题转移到更复杂和有背景的第二阶问题，以评估科学信息的可用性和可操作性。我们将可操作性定义为基于科学的知识转化为易于理解并立即可用于支持决策。制定决策日历的过程还促进了与用户的持续接触，支持用户启发式研究，并指导研究优先事项。我们描述的过程和方法，制定决策日历和目前的应用框架的情况下，水库管理，野火管理，北美季风。决策日历被证明是有效的框架，可以将自然资源管理业务和规划与不同筹备时间的预测和气候信息的潜在用途联系起来。决策日历框架继续被用于整合信息需求和气候科学在新的地理区域和用户环境中的应用。
Climate scientists and decision-makers need to be able to efficiently work together to understand each others’ needs, capabilities, and limitations, in order to inform decisions to adapt to a changing environment. However, analytical frameworks for understanding the user context, are not well documented. This chapter describes decision calendars as a practical framework to organize and understand information about the user context, in order to move past first order questions regarding if and how stakeholders use climate information to more sophisticated and contextual second order questions assessing what is needed for scientific information to be useable and actionable. We define actionable as science-based knowledge transformed to be readily understandable and immediately available to support decisionmaking. The process of developing decision calendars also fosters ongoing engagement with users, supports use-inspired research, and guide research priorities. We describe the process and methods for developing decision calendars and present application of the framework in cases for reservoir management, wildfire management, and the North American monsoon. Decision calendars are shown to be effective frameworks to link natural resources management operations and planning with potential uses of forecasts and climate information at various lead-times. The decision calendar framework continues to be used to integrate information needs and the application of climate science in new geographic regions and user contexts.