Toward green nano: E-factor analysis of several nanomaterial syntheses
Toward green nano: E-factor analysis of several nanomaterial syntheses
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00043.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Anastas, Paul T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckelman, Matthew J.;Zimmerman, Julie B.;Anastas, Paul T.
近年来，对纳米技术的商业和研究兴趣激增，2005年来自公共和私人来源的投资接近90亿美元。虽然纳米技术的潜在应用不断增加，但政府和研究人员都在不断增加压力，以了解这类新材料的影响。新兴的绿色纳米领域将绿色化学和工程原理应用于纳米材料的合成。在这里，我们概述了几个战略的发展绿色纳米和审查过去的政策和研究活动，了解纳米技术的环境影响。通过E因子的绿色化学度量，分析了几种特定纳米材料的传统合成，包括碳纳米管，富勒烯和金属纳米颗粒。研究发现，这些生产工艺的E-系数相差几个数量级，因此很难对纳米材料生产的资源使用效率进行一般性评论。特别是对于金纳米颗粒，发现六种不同生产方法的E-因子范围从10（2）到10（5），表明更绿色的合成路线是可能的，并且环境效益可以开始被量化。鼓励扩大分析范围，以包括生产上游和下游的生命周期阶段，并纳入对环境健康的影响，尽管存在着重大的数据缺口。
Commercial and research interest in nanotechnology has exploded in recent years, with nearly US$9 billion in investment from public and private sources in 2005. While the list of potential applications for nanotechnologies continues to grow, there is increasing pressure from governments and researchers alike to understand the implications of this new class of materials. The emerging field of green nano applies green chemistry and engineering principles to the synthesis of nanomaterials. Here we outline several strategies for the development of green nano and review past policy and research activities in understanding nanotechnology's environmental implications. By means of the green chemistry metric of E-factor, an analysis is undertaken of the traditional syntheses of several specific nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and metal nanoparticles. It was found that the E-factors of these production processes vary over several orders of magnitude, making it difficult to comment generally about the resource use efficiencies of nanomaterials production. For gold nanoparticles specifically, E-factors for six different production methods are found to range from 10(2) to 10(5), demonstrating that greener synthesis routes are possible and that environmental benefits can begin to be quantified. Expanding the analysis to include life-cycle stages upstream and downstream of production and to incorporate environmental health effects is encouraged, though significant data gaps exist.