Perceptions of the gift relationship in organ and tissue donation: Views of intensivists and donor and recipient coordinators.
Perceptions of the gift relationship in organ and tissue donation: Views of intensivists and donor and recipient coordinators.
复制标题
对器官和组织捐赠中礼物关系的看法：重症监护医生以及捐赠者和接受者协调员的观点。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.062
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
R. Shaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Shaw
关于器官捐赠和移植的国际文献已经引起了人们对“生命的礼物”话语在支持捐赠的倡导者、移植专家以及游说提高捐赠率以促进器官捐赠在公众中的益处的组织中的流行的关注。在新西兰的奥特亚罗瓦，关于生命礼物的讨论很活跃。除了试图通过在公共领域促进组织捐赠来引发利他主义之外，礼物术语将捐赠行为与商业行为和身体组织的商品化分开。为了使捐赠与商品化以及贬低和剥削人类的可能性保持距离，人们认为礼物话语传达了积极的信息，即捐赠是一种高尚且道德上有价值的行为。最近的社会学研究表明，假设礼物是单向的和利他的，并不一定符合人们对捐赠身体组织的看法和经验，而且用来描述这些行为的词汇往往与现实不符。本文利用了对15名重症监护专家（重症监护医生）以及捐赠者和接受者协调员的采访数据，考察了他们对礼物话语的相关性及其在新西兰奥特亚罗亚死者捐赠背景下的适用性的看法。数据表明，礼品修辞描述的情况下，卫生专业人员遇到的几个问题。总而言之，礼物术语往往淡化组织捐赠中的牺牲，以及当代消费文化和全球背景下组织转移的交换关系的非政治化。这就提出了关于语言选择的潜在伦理问题，以及组织转移的经验性描述是否有助于伦理辩论的问题。
The international literature on organ donation and transplantation has drawn attention to the popularity of “gift of life” discourse among pro-donation advocates, transplantation specialists, and within organisations lobbying for improved donation rates to promote the benefits of organ donation among members of the general public. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, gift of life discourse is robust. Aside from attempts to elicit altruism by promoting tissue donation in the public domain, gift terminology separates the act of donation from that of commerce and the commodification of body tissues. In distancing donation from commodification and the potential to degrade and exploit human beings, it is assumed that gift discourse transmits the positive message that donation is a noble and morally worthy act. Recent sociological research has shown that assumptions of the gift as one-way and altruistic do not necessarily align with people's perceptions and experience of donating body tissues, and that the vocabulary used to describe these acts is often at variance with reality. This article draws on interview data with 15 critical care specialists (intensivists) and donor and recipient coordinators, examining their perceptions of the relevance of gift discourse and its applicability in the context of deceased donation in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The data indicate several problems with gift rhetoric to describe the situations health professionals encounter. In sum, gift terminology tends to downplay the sacrifice involved in tissue donation generally, as well as depoliticising the exchange relations of tissue transfer in contemporary consumer culture and in the global context. This raises questions about the underlying ethics of language choice and what, if anything, empirical accounts of tissue transfer can contribute to ethical debates.