The future of evacuation drills: Assessing and enhancing evacuee performance
The future of evacuation drills: Assessing and enhancing evacuee performance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104767
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
S. Gwynne;M. Amos;M. Kinateder;N. Bénichou;Karen Boyce;C. N. V. D. Wal;E. Ronchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Gwynne;M. Amos;M. Kinateder;N. Bénichou;Karen Boyce;C. N. V. D. Wal;E. Ronchi
疏散演习通常是改善或衡量紧急情况下乘员表现的主要机制，但其有效性往往难以衡量，而且持续培训效益的证据有限。然而，技术创新（例如，增强/虚拟现实、新型传感器和可穿戴技术）为基于视觉的“下一代”虚拟钻机提供了重要机会（当与设计和交付钻机的新方法相结合时）。在本文中，我们提出了最近的一个跨国研究项目的结果，我们建立现有的演习的主要局限性，提出了一个框架的培训和评估方面的演习，提出了一些建议，并建议其实施的工作方案。因此，本文为未来的工作提供了一个概念基础，重点是（1）建立一个基于证据的方法来评估疏散演习（和替代方案），（2）利用新的客观和可自动化的方法进行数据捕获/分析，以便更好地表征性能，（3），基于新兴技术开发当前钻井模型的替代方案，以及（4）为监管机构制定关于每种方法在不同情况下的成本和收益的指南。
Evacuation drills are generally the main mechanism for improving or measuring occupant performance in emergency situations, but their effectiveness is often hard to measure, and there is limited evidence for sustained training benefits. However, innovations in technology (e.g., augmented/virtual reality, novel sensors and wearable tech) offer (when combined with new approaches to designing and delivering drills) significant opportunities for a “next generation” ofevidence-basedevacuation drills. In this paper, we present the findings of a recent trans-national research project; we establish the main limitations of existing drills, propose a framework for the assessment of both training and evaluation aspects of drills, make a number of recommendations, and suggest a programme of work for their implementation. The paper, therefore, provides a conceptual foundation for future work which will focus on (1) establishing an evidence-based methodology for assessing evacuation drills (and alternatives), (2) harnessing novel objective and automatable approaches to data capture/analytics in order to better characterize performance, (3), developing alternatives to the current drill model, based on emerging technologies, and (4) developing guidance for regulatory bodies on the costs and benefits of each approach for different scenarios.